Lakes and Watercourses

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Class 3. Clear effects of disturbance. Substantial impact on assemblages of organisms and their habitat. The bottom fauna deviates moderately from its normal undisturbed state. Class 4. Pronounced effects of disturbance. The community deviates markedly from its undisturbed state. Class 5. Very great effects of disturbance. Only a few tolerant species occur. Reference values specific to a given locality should be used as far as possible. These may be derived in several ways. They can be estimated on the basis of historical surveys carried out in the area or they may be obtained from surveys made in similar but unaffected lakes or watercourses in the vicinity. If this is not possible, the reference values given in Table 43 may be used. TABLE 43. Reference values for differing habitats and natural geography. Reference values comprise the 25th percentile (75th percentile for O/C index) in data from lakes and watercourses included in the 1995 survey of lakes and watercourses, which, as far as possible, are unaffected. The data used is described in detail in the background report. The boundaries between the natural geographical regions are shown in Figure 3. The figures given for the profundal zone of lakes are not specific to regions. Natural geographical region Arctic/ Northern Middle Southern Boreo- Nemoral alpine boreal boreal boreal nemoral Watercourses Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index 1.96 2.56 2.34 2.11 1.97 1.89 ASPT-index 5.8 6.2 6.0 5.5 4.7 4.8 Danish fauna index* 5 5 5 5 5 5 Acidity index 6 6 6 6 6 6 Littoral zone of lakes Shannon’s-Wiener’s diversity index 1.00 1.06 1.46 1.98 2.15 2.01 ASPT-index 4.6 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.1 4.5 Danish fauna index 3 4 4 4 4 4 Acidity index 6 6 6 6 6 6 Profundal zone in lakes BQI-index 2 O/C-index 8.5 * Reference values for regions 4, 5 and 6 have been adjusted upwards (from 4 to 5) in response to comments received from consultants, county administrative boards etc working in these regions. 69
Comments The assessment must be based on samples taken (SS-EN 27828) and analyses made in accordance with the Swedish EPA Environmental Monitoring Handbook. References Friberg, N. & Johnson, R.K. (Eds.) (1995): Biological monitoring of streams. – Nordic Council of Ministers Report, TemaNord 1995:640, 58 p. Johnson, R.K. (1998): Bottenfauna (”Benthic macroinvertebrates”). – From: T. Wiederholm (Ed.). Bedömningsgrunder för miljökvalitet - Sjöar och vattendrag. Bakgrundsrapport 2 – Biologiska parametrar (”Environmental Quality Criteria – Lakes and Watercourses. Background report 1 – Biological parameters”). Swedish EPA Report 4921. Arctic/alpine Arktisk/alpin Northern Nordlig boreal Middle Mellanboreal Southern Sydlig boreal Boreonemoral Nemoral Figure 3. Natural geographical regions used to calculate reference values (from Nordic Council of Ministers, 1984). Johnson, R.K., Wiederholm, T. & Rosenberg, D.M. (1993): Freshwater biomonitoring using individual organisms, populations, and species assemblages of benthic macroinvertebrates. – From: D.M. Rosenberg & V.H. Resh (Eds.). Freshwater biomonitoring and benthic macroinvertebrates. Chapman & Hall, New York. Metcalfe, J.L. (1989): Biological water quality assessment of running waters based on macroinvertebrate communities: history and present status in Europe. – Environmental Pollution 60:101 – 39. Nixon, S.C., Mainstone, C.P., Milne, I. Iversen, T.M., Kristensen, P., Jeppesen, E., Friberg, N., Jensen, A. & Pedersen, F. (1996): The harmonised monitoring and classification of ecological quality of surface waters in the European Union. – Draft Final Report. No. CO., 4096. Nordic Council of Ministers (1984): Naturgeografisk regionindelning av Norden (”Division of the Nordic region into natural geographical regions”). – Berlings, Arlöv 289 p. SE-EN 27828 Vattenundersökningar – Metoder för biologisk provtagning – Riktlinjer för provtagning av bottenfauna med handhåv (”Analyses of water – Biological sampling methods – Guidelines for sampling of benthic fauna using a hand-held net”) (ISO 7828:1985). Wiederholm, T. (1980): Use of benthos in lake monitoring. – Journal of the Water Pollution Control Federation 52:537 – 547. 70
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Environmental Quality Criteria - La
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TO ORDER Swedish Environmental Prot
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Reference Group Mats Bengtsson, Swe
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Summary This report on lakes and wa
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included. In addition to a large nu
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ased estimates are used. Given that
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TABLE 1. SUMMARY of parameters incl
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16 The current conditions scale in
Page 19 and 20: (in Swedish with English summary).
Page 21 and 22: conditions for watercourse flora an
Page 23 and 24: show the availability of nitrogen i
Page 25 and 26: Mean concentration of total phospho
Page 27 and 28: TABLE 9. DEVIATION from reference v
Page 29 and 30: Comments Classifications must be ba
Page 31 and 32: winter/spring, i.e. ice-covered per
Page 33 and 34: Light conditions Introduction Light
Page 35 and 36: TABLE 13. CURRENT CONDITIONS: turbi
Page 37 and 38: Acidity / acidification Introductio
Page 39 and 40: industrial pH). The change in acidi
Page 41 and 42: The pre-industrial concentration of
Page 43 and 44: very high degree of reliability and
Page 45 and 46: TABLE 19. CURRENT CONDITIONS: metal
Page 47 and 48: TABLE 22. DEVIATION from reference
Page 49 and 50: TABLE 24. (continued) Cu Zn Cd Pb C
Page 51 and 52: Swedish EPA (1993): Metals and the
Page 53 and 54: Assessment of current conditions TA
Page 55 and 56: TABLE 29. CURRENT CONDITIONS: poten
Page 59 and 60: References Cronberg, G., Lindmark,
Page 61 and 62: (see Appendix 1). If submerged and
Page 63 and 64: References Andersson, B. (1998): Va
Page 65 and 66: The genera in question and their tr
Page 67 and 68: Benthic fauna Introduction Benthic
Page 69: TABLE 41. CURRENT CONDITIONS: botto
Page 73 and 74: has yielded better results than did
Page 75 and 76: TABLE 45. CURRENT CONDITIONS: fish,
Page 81 and 82: TABLE 48. (Contd.) Proportion of al
Page 84 and 85: Presentation of data When using the
Page 86 and 87: APPENDIX 1 Ceratophyllum demersum 1
Page 88 and 89: APPENDIX 2 Calculation of index and
Page 90 and 91: APPENDIX 2 Table 1b. Indicator gene
Page 92 and 93: Genus Indicator value -------------
Page 94 and 95: APPENDIX 2 45 Planorbis sp. 46 Anis
Page 96 and 97: APPENDIX 2 214 Leuctra hippopus 215
Page 98 and 99: APPENDIX 2 384 Tinodes waeneri 385
Page 100 and 101: APPENDIX 2 (6) O/C index (Wiederhol
Page 102 and 103: APPENDIX 3 Dace Stäm Leuciscus leu
Page 106: REPORT 5050 Environmental Quality C
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