Protein biosynthesis: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and aminoacylation

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LysRS of most eukaryotes and bacteria is a class II AaRS, but in archaea class I AaRS (blue – highly conserved region, red – less conserved region). Recognice same regions of tRNA, aminoacylation mechanism differs.
Other functions of AaRS • nuclear proofreading of tRNAs prior to their export to cytoplasm (tRNA aminoacylation takes place in cucleus, AaRSs must be imported from cytoplasma) • involved in transcriptional and translational control of protein biosynthesis • aminoacylation of tRNA-like structures (tmRNA a.k.a. 10SaRNA )
Page 1: Protein biosynthesis: aminoacyl-tRN
Page 4 and 5: Comparison of class I and class II
Page 6 and 7: Evolution and sub-groups of AaRS
Page 8 and 9: Class II active site, 3 conserved m
Page 10 and 11: Recognition of tRNAs by AspRS (clas
Page 13 and 14: The structure of the complex betwee
Page 19 and 20: • inhibiors of AaRSs can be used
Page 21: tRNA
Page 24: Sequence elements: Mostly non-modif
Page 27 and 28: Structural elements: identity eleme
Page 29 and 30: • Anti-determinants: negative sig
Page 31: • identity elements mostly cluste
Page 34: Step 1 - activation of amino acid a
Page 37 and 38: adenosine P P P + ATP Step 1 O C O
Page 39 and 40: Structure of the large fragment of
Page 41 and 42: Accuracy of aminoacylation Accurate
Page 44 and 45: • AaRS have difficulties discrimi
Page 46 and 47: tRNA editing Some AaRSs remove thei
Page 48 and 49: The flexible CCA arm of an aminoacy
Page 51 and 52: • Val is rejected based on chemic
Page 53 and 54: 2. When GlnRS is missing (B. subtil
Page 55: 3. When AsnRS is missing (in T. the
Page 61 and 62: 5. Selenosysteine - the 21-st amino
Page 63 and 64: 6. Initiator fMettRNA is formylated
Page 66:
Additional reading: 1. TiBS, July 2
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Protein biosynthesis: aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and aminoacylation

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