aluminium in commercial vehicles - European Aluminium Association

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22 EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER III 3. Environmental and social Benefits 3.1. Aluminium reduces CO 2 emissions To achieve emission reductions, it is not only important to develop low-emission engines, but also to use them in the most rational way possible. Saving weight with aluminium is a good way of achieving this objective as explained below. Aluminium contributes to the reduction of CO emissions from 2 road transport as follows: • When carrying heavy goods, it increases the load capacity of vehicles and therefore improves transport performance, allowing more goods to be carried per trip. In this case, one ton saved on the dead weight of an articulated truck saves 1,500 liters of diesel fuel over 100,000 km. • When carrying voluminous goods, it reduces the overall weight, lowering fuel consumption per kilometer. In this case, one ton saved on the dead weight of an articulated truck saves 600 liters of diesel fuel over 100,000 km. • When carrying passengers, it reduces the overall weight and lowers fuel consumption. One ton saved on an urban bus saves between 1,700-1,900 liters of diesel fuel per 100,000 km. Taking primary production, use stage and end-of-life recycling into account, life-cycle savings have been estimated as follows: • 1kg of aluminium in today’s average articulated truck saves 28kg of CO2 • 1kg of aluminium in an urban bus typically saves 40-45kg of CO2 3.2. Aluminium as a complement to EURO IV & EURO V engines The European Environment Directives for trucks date back to 1988, while the first standard limiting emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulates (PM) from heavy-duty diesel engines were introduced at the beginning of the 1990’s. The EURO IV and EURO V standards represent a dramatic reduction of NO and PM emissions. x However, they also impose new combustion processes and exhaust after-treatment techni - ques representing an additional weight-penalty up to 300kg. Using more aluminium components allows the manufacturer to compensate for this weight penalty. The payload can therefore be preserved and even increased.
EUROPEAN ALUMINIUM ASSOCIATION ALUMINIUM IN COMMERCIAL VEHICLES CHAPTER III 23 Truck with crash-module 3.3. Aluminium improves road safety In the context of its Road Safety Action Programme, the European Commission is looking into the introduction of crash energy absorption criteria for trucks. The aluminium industry has already developed several solutions for the automotive and railway sectors and would be ready to take up this challenge for trucks. Regarding metal deformation that energy-absorbing elements undergo upon impact, aluminium systems make it possible to absorb significantly more crash energy per unit of weight than traditional systems. As a rule of thumb, the light-weighting potential exceeds 40%. For this reason, aluminium is very well suited for front, rear and side bumpers. Aluminium elements can also be used to improve the energy absorbing potential of front and rear end under-run protection devices, and may also be used to build soft deformable truck noses. Last but not least, extra safety features always mean additional weight, which can be balanced by replacing heavy materials by aluminium.
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CHAPTER VII FABRICATION 1. INTRODUC
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CHAPTER VIII WELDING 1. FOREWORD .
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CHAPTER IX OTHER JOINING TECHNIQUES
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CHAPTER X DECORATION AND FINISHING
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CHAPTER XI CORROSION RESISTANCE 1.
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CHAPTER XII CLEANING OF ALUMINIUM C
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CHAPTER XIII REPAIR OF ALUMINIUM CO
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