FULL PAPER Table 3. Sulfonylation <strong>of</strong> 5-amino-3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]<strong>indoles</strong> with different sulfonyl chlorides. [a] Isolated yield based on the indole. [b] Reaction conditions: Indole derivative (1 mmol), arylsulfonyl chloride (1 mmol), triethylamine (5 mL), 40 °C, 24 h. [c] Reaction conditions: Indole derivative (1 mmol), arylsulfonyl chloride (3 mmol), Cs 2CO 3 (2 mmol), solvent: CH 2Cl 2 (10 mL), 40 °C, 24 h. [d] Reaction conditions: Indole derivative (0.1 mmol), methylamine in 10 mL <strong>of</strong> ethanol (33%), room temp., 24 h. [e] Reaction conditions: indole derivative (0.5 mmol), sulfonyl chloride (0.5 mmol), NaHCO 3 (2 equiv.), solvent: acetonitrile (5 mL), room temp., 15 h. [f] Reaction conditions: indole derivative (0.5 mmol), 140 °C, 3 h. 5428 Table 4. Sulfonylation <strong>of</strong> 5-amino-3-(silyloxy)<strong>indoles</strong>. [a] M. Beller et al. [a] Reaction conditions: Indole derivative (1 mmol), arylsulfonyl chloride (1 mmol), triethylamine (5 mL), 40 °C, 2 h. [b] Isolated yield based on the indole. www.eurjoc.org © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 5425–5435
Synthesis <strong>of</strong> Potential 5-HT 6 Receptor Lig<strong>and</strong>s The sulfonylation proceeded similar compared to the sulfonylations shown in Scheme 3. Again, most sulfonylated <strong>indoles</strong> 8a–i were isolated in good yields (Table 4, entries 1– 5, 7–9; 51–90%). Despite several attempts, the in situ deprotection with TBAF <strong>and</strong> nucleophilic substitution <strong>of</strong> 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride to compounds 5 <strong>and</strong> 6 according to route B could not be achieved. Conclusions In summary, a series <strong>of</strong> new potential 5-HT 6 receptor lig<strong>and</strong>s has been synthesized. For the first time palladiumcatalyzed coupling reactions <strong>of</strong> 3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]<strong>indoles</strong> have been performed. Catalytic amination applying Pd(OAc) 2/1-phenyl-2-[di(1-adamantyl)phosphanyl]pyrrole as catalyst system gave the corresponding 5-amino<strong>indoles</strong> in good yields. Straightforward sulfonylation with different aryl- <strong>and</strong> heteroarylsulfonyl chlorides proceeded smoothly <strong>and</strong> led to the targeted products. Experimental Section General: All reactions were carried out under argon atmosphere. Chemicals were purchased from Aldrich, Fluka, Acros <strong>and</strong> Strem <strong>and</strong> unless otherwise noted were used without further purification. All compounds were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, MS, HRMS <strong>and</strong> IR spectroscopy. 1 H<strong>and</strong> 13 C NMR spectra were recorded on Bruker AV 300, AV 400 <strong>and</strong> AV 500 spectrometers. The 1 H<strong>and</strong> 13 C NMR chemical shifts are referenced to trimethylsilane (TMS) [δ(TMS) = 0 ( 1 H)], <strong>and</strong> to the solvent resonance [δ(CDCl 3) = 77.0 ( 13 C)]. EI mass spectra were recorded on an AMD 402 spectrometer (70 eV, AMD Intectra GmbH). IR spectra were recorded on a FT-IR Nicolet 6700 (Thermo ELECTRON CORPORA- TION). The <strong>synthesis</strong> <strong>of</strong> compounds 2a–b <strong>and</strong> 7a–d have been already described in earlier publications. [11,13a] Three-Step Synthesis <strong>of</strong> the Starting Material tert-Butyl 5-Bromo- 3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-2-methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (2c) Step 1. 5-Bromo-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2-methyl-1H-indole (1a): In a round-bottomed flask under argon atmosphere (4bromophenyl)hydrazine (0.09 mol), tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy-2propyne (0.07 mol) <strong>and</strong> ZnCl2 (0.09 mmol) were dissolved in 50 mL <strong>of</strong> THF. The reaction mixture was heated to 100 °C under reflux for 24 h. After removal <strong>of</strong> the solvent the mixture was purified by column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate gradient 0–25% in heptane with 1–2 % triethylamine). The isolated product gave a light-brown solid in a yield <strong>of</strong> 50 % 1H NMR (300.13 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 7.53 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.37 (br., 1 H, NH), 7.14 (dd, J = 8.5, J = 1.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 2.30 (s, 3 H), 1.07 (s, 9 H), 0.15 (s, 6 H) ppm. 13C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 131.3 (Cq), 130.4 (Cq), 124.5 (Cq), 123.8, 121.6 (Cq), 119.7, 112.1 (Cq), 111.8, 25.7, 18.1 (Cq), 10.6, –4.2 ppm. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 340 (22), 339 [M + , 93], 285 (17), 284 (10), 283 (16), 205 (5), 204 (19), 203 (100), 188 (19), 145 (9), 144 (47), 73 (41). HRMS: calcd. for C15H22BrNOSi: 339.06485; found 339.064659. FTIR (KBr): ν˜ = 3399, 2954, 2929, 2856, 1724, 1471, 1314, 1285, 1255, 1238, 1156, 888, 861, 838, 791, 780, 583 cm –1 . Step 2. tert-Butyl 5-Bromo-3-(tert-butyldimethylsilanyloxy)-2methyl-1H-indole-1-carboxylate (1b): In a round-bottomed flask under argon atmosphere indole 1a (10 mmol), di-tert-butyl dicar- bonate (12 mmol) <strong>and</strong> DMAP (0.35 mmol) were dissolved in dry THF <strong>and</strong> stirred overnight at room temperature. After complete conversion (TLC control) the solvent was removed <strong>and</strong> the residue was cleaned by column chromatography (eluent: ethyl acetate gradient 0–25% in heptane). The isolated product gave a light-yellow solid material in a yield <strong>of</strong> 90%. 1 H NMR (300.13 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 7.99 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.49 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (dd, J = 8.9, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.44 (s, 3 H), 1.66 (s, 9 H), 1.08 (s, 9 H), 0.17 (s, 6 H) ppm. 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 150.5 (Cq), 134.7 (Cq), 132.2, 127.0 (Cq), 126.3, 123.6, 119.6 (Cq), 116.9 (Cq), 115.6 (Cq), 83.7 (Cq), 28.3, 25.8, 18.2 (Cq), 12.9, –4.1 ppm. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 441 (11), 440 (3), 439 (11) [M + ], 386 (24), 385 (100), 384 (23), 383 (97), 341 (58), 340 (13), 339 (57), 284 (12), 283 (14), 282 (12), 204 (12), 203 (64), 145 (4), 144 (26), 75 (15), 74 (6), 73 (83), 59 (12), 58 (7), 57 (91). HRMS: calcd. for C 20H 30BrNO 3Si: 439.11728; found 439.116436. FTIR (ATR): ν˜ = 3077, 3004, 2976, 2958, 2930, 2896, 2858, 1724, 1454, 1360, 1320, 1267, 1251, 1217, 1150, 1129, 1068, 1010, 887, 835, 820, 799, 783, 764, 729 cm –1 . Step 3. tert-Butyl 5-Bromo-3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-2-methyl-1Hindole-1-carboxylate (2c): In a round-bottomed flask carboxylate 1b (3.4 mmol) <strong>and</strong> tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) (4.1 mmol) were dissolved in dry THF <strong>and</strong> stirred for 10 min at room temperature. After Na 2CO 3 (6.8 mmol) was added, the reaction mixture was stirred for further 10 min at room temperature. Finally (2-chloroethyl)diethylamine (6.8 mmol) was added <strong>and</strong> the solution was heated up to 45 °C for 4 h. After removal <strong>of</strong> the solvent the residue was cleaned by column chromatography (eluent CH 2 Cl 2/ethanol, 20:1). The isolated product obtained as pale yellow oil with a yield <strong>of</strong> 68%. 1 H NMR (300.13 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 8.00 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1 H), 7.64 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.29 (dd, J = 8.9, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 4.05 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2 H), 2.84 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2 H), 2.63 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 4 H), 2.49 (s, 3 H), 1.65 (s, 9 H), 1.06 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 6 H) ppm. 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 150.4 (Cq), 138.9 (Cq), 132.4 (Cq), 126.6 (Cq), 126.4, 126.0 (Cq), 119.5, 117.1, 115.8 (Cq), 84.0 (Cq), 72.7 (CH 2), 52.8 (CH 2), 47.5 (CH 2), 28.2, 12.5, 11.7 ppm. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 426 (1), 425 (1) [M + ], 424 (1), 385 (7), 384 (1), 383 (6), 341 (3), 279 (4), 225 (6), 197 (4), 167 (11), 149 (31), 101 (25), 100 (100), 72 (17), 57 (76). HRMS: calcd. for C 20H 29BrN 2O: 425.14362; found 425.14343. FTIR (ATR): ν˜ = 3052, 2969, 2930, 2873, 2805, 1728, 1453, 1369, 1348, 1319, 1221, 1172, 1148, 1130, 1116, 1061, 1015, 765, 745 cm –1 . [2-(5-Bromo-2-methyl-1H-indol-3-yloxy)ethyl]diethylamine (2d): 1 H NMR (300.13 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 7.67 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.60 (br., 1 H, NH), 7.16 (dd, J = 8.5, J = 2.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.06 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1 H), 4.09 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2 H), 2.86 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2 H), 2.65 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 4 H), 2.35 (s, 3 H), 1.07 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 6 H) ppm. 13 C NMR (75.5 MHz, CDCl 3): δ = 134.7 (Cq), 131.3 (Cq), 124.1 (Cq), 123.9, 123.7 (Cq), 119.6, 112.4 (Cq), 112.1, 72.7 (CH 2), 52.7 (CH 2), 47.4 (CH 2), 11.7, 10.3 ppm. MS (EI, 70 eV): m/z (%) = 324 (0.3) [M + ], 226 (3), 225 (1), 224 (3), 145 (3), 117 (5), 101 (8), 100 (100), 87 (3), 86 (47). HRMS: calcd. for C 15H 21BrN 2OSi: 324.08318; found 324.081805. FTIR (ATR): ν˜ = 3410, 3300, 2964, 2919, 2850, 1453, 1284, 1234, 1154, 1122, 1034, 862, 791, 732, 668 cm –1 . Compounds 3a–f, General Procedure for the Coupling Synthesis <strong>of</strong> 5-Amino-3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-1H-indole Derivatives 2a–c: In an Ace-pressure tube under argon atmosphere, a 5-bromo-3-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]indole derivative <strong>of</strong> type 2a–c (1 mmol), amine (1.3 mmol), Pd(OAc) 2 (2 mol-%, 6 mol-% for 3c <strong>and</strong> 3e), 1-phenyl- 2-[di(1-adamantyl)phosphanyl]pyrrole L (4 mol-%; 12 mol-% for 3c Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 5425–5435 © 2008 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.eurjoc.org 5429
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