Fact Sheets on Antiretroviral Drugs

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<strong>Fact</strong> <strong>Sheets</strong> on Antiretroviral Drugs Page 18 Adverse effect Possible offending drug(s) Clinical signs/symptoms or laboratory investigations Peripheral neuropathy DDI, D4T, 3TC Pain, tingling, numbness of hands or feet; distal sensory loss, mild muscle weakness, and areflexia can occur. NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTIs) Abacavir (ABC) Class Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor (NRTI) Available formulations Storage � Oral solution: 20 mg/ml � Tablets: 300 mg Room temperature Management should be stopped until symptoms resolve. Restart ART with change to different NRTI, preferably one without pancreatic toxicity (e.g., ZDV, ABC). Stop suspect NRTI. Switch to different NRTI that does not have neurotoxicity (e.g., ZDV, ABC). Symptoms usually resolve within 2-3 weeks from discontinuation.
Dose (WHO recommended) Adults: 300 mg (2 tabs.) twice daily <strong>Fact</strong> <strong>Sheets</strong> on Antiretroviral Drugs Children: 8 mg/kg every 12 hours (with a maximum of 300 mg per dose) (over age 3 months) Food effect It can be taken with or without food. Half-life in plasma 1.54 ± 0.63 hours Metabolism Mainly in the liver Interactions with other drugs � Rare � Abacavir levels are increased by alcohol (care must be taken when coadministered with Ritonavir or Lopinavir oral solutions in children). � Abacavir increases levels of §Amprenavir. � Abacavir decreases levels of §Methadone (in some patients). Side Effects Frequency Severity Nausea +++ +/- Vomiting +++ +/- Fever ++ +/- Triglycerides elevation ++ +/- Hypersensitivity reaction* + � Page 19
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Fact Sheets on Antiretroviral Drugs

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