220-Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 2nd Edition-Gerhard Nahler Annette Mollet-3211898352-S

191waist circumference Circumference around the bare abdomen, justabove the hip bone (parallel to the floor, exhaled); excess weight,as measured by BMI, is not the only risk to health but the locationof fat. Fat mainly around the waist is more likely to cause healthproblems than if localised mainly in hips and thighs. This is trueeven if the BMI falls within the normal range. Women with a waistmeasurement of more than 90 cm or men with a waist measurementof more than 100 cm may have a higher disease risk thanpeople with smaller waist measurements; → see also obesity.waiver Acceptance by the FDA of a procedure at variance with theirregulations.wash-out period Period after stopping a treatment with a drug andin which the patient usually undergoes no further therapy; this allowsprevious drug or treatment effects to dissipate before a newtreatment starts (normally about five times the half-life); → seealso run-in phase.Web-based data entry Data is transacted and stored directly, online,and in real-time, on a server via the internet, usually at the sponsoror CRO facility; thus, separate source data may be necessary; usuallythere is no e-DC specific software installed on the local computerof the investigator; → see also data entry, electronic DataCapture, remote data entry.weight a number of different indices are in use to describe the relationshipbetween weight (body mass) and height in order to allowcategorisation of subjects according to obesity (thin: ≤80% of thestandard of a population, underweight ≤90%, overweigth ≥110%,obese ≥120%, superobese >159%, and morbid obesity >200%);w. changes ≥7% are considered as abnormal; an adult who has aBMI between 25–29.9 is considered overweight (≥30 obese); → seebody-mass-index (quetelet’s index), broca-formula, cachexia,lorentz formula, rohrer index.weighted average Gives different weights to each component of theaverage.welfare External factors, e.g. duration of hospitalisation, need for assistancein daily life activities, consumption of medicines, length ofsick leave a.s.o., influencing quality of life.well-being Exclusively subjective parameter which reflects the individual’sown qualitative evaluation of his/her physical and/ormental condition often in relation to treatments; → see also qualityof life.well-being scale Instrument for utility measurements; patientsare asked a number of questions about their function and are thenclassified into one of a number of categories on the basis of theirresponses; each category has a value assigned to it that has beenwel