220-Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 2nd Edition-Gerhard Nahler Annette Mollet-3211898352-S

85health WHO: “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeingand not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”; → seealso disability, disease, handicap, illness, impairments.health care expenditure The total expenditure on health measuresthe final consumption of health goods and services (i.e. currenthealth expenditure) plus capital investment in health care infrastructure.This includes spending by both public and privatesources (including households) on medical services and goods,public health and prevention programmes and administration.Excluded are health-related expenditure such as training, researchand environmental health. The two major components of totalcurrent health expenditure are: expenditure on personal healthcare and expenditure on collective services. In 2005, the health expenditureper capita, public and private, was (US $, OECD, Healthat a glance 2007): Austria 3,519, France 3,374, Germany 3,287, Italy2,532, Japan 2,358, Norway 4,364, Spain 2,331, Switzerland 4,177,UK 2,724, US 6,401; the health expenditure as a share of the grossdomestic product, was (in % of GDP, OECD, Health at a glance2007): Austria 10.2%, France 11.1, Germany 10.7, Italy 8.9, Japan8.0, Norway 9.1, Spain 8.2, Switzerland 11.6, UK 8.3, US 15.3%; inwestern countries about 35 to 50% of these costs are expended forthe elderly; in 2000, about 1.4% of the GDP of the EU have beenexpended for pharmaceutical, and costs for pharmaceuticals haverepresented about 16% of overall costs for health care; → see alsodrug consumption, economic analyses, health care services,medical culture, pharmaceutical expenditure, priceregulatory scheme, prescription.health care services densities of doctors per inhabitants vary widely,e.g. 1/248 in Austria, 1/293 in Germany, 1/299 in Belgium, 1/328 inFrance, 1/420 in The Netherlands and 1/472 in the US (figures of1995 to 1996); densities of beds per population of 1,000 inhabitantsvary between 3.8 (USA), 4.1 (Netherlands, Sweden), 5.3 (France),6.3 (Switzerland), 6.8 (Austria) and 7.3 (Germany; figures of 1989);→ see also medical culture.health claims Claims made in commercial communications concerningfoods as having a nutritional, physiological or other healthadvantage over similar or other products to which such nutrientsand other substances are not added; claims are authorised onlyafter harmonised scientific assessment of such claims by the EuropeanFood Safety Authority (Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006);→ see functional food.health expenditures → see health care costs.health profile Instrument for measuring quality of life, often overlappingwith quality of life scale, well-being scale; healthhea