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which serves as the externalinformation instrument.IndonesiaEthics and anti-corruptionmeasures are included in anticorruptionlegislation and inPresidential Decree 80/2003.Sierra LeoneThe legislation prohibits fraudulentand corrupt activities by publicofficials and provides for sanctions.“As long as there continues to beweak capacity, low salaries withno satisfactory career path forgovernment procurementpractitioners, no credibleindependent complaints handlingmechanism and weakenforcement with no sanctions forcorrupt behaviour, then corruptbehaviour is likely to continue toflourish”.Non compliance with the provisionof declaring assets is prevalentacross the public service. Thereappears to be no procedure inplace to enforce its compliance.Within the period in which theassessment was undertaken,there were no direct procurementrelatedcorruption prosecutions orreports of disciplinary action forprocurement-related corruption.catalogue of standardized productsand services; electronic signature;and direct payments to suppliers.It is recommended that aspectsrelating to procurement are includedin the wider anti-corruption strategy:- to incorporate appropriate controls itis necessary to understand theopportunities where corruption canoccur at the various stages of theprocurement process,- ensure that the procurementprocess is transparent,- empower procurement users andcommunities to assist in the controlprocess,- strengthen the capacity of allstakeholders, including users,providers, auditors and thecommunity,- build a partnership with civil societyand the media in monitoringprocurement processes,- establish policies that will mitigateagainst collusive rings such astransparency, good complaintsmechanisms, and good enforcement,and- ensure that credible andenforceable sanctions are in place..MOF to make provision for NationalPublic Procurement Authority toadequately inform the public on alldecisions taken by the IndependentProcurement Review Panel thusencouraging feedback from the publicand to prevent repetition.Sanctions on corrupt public officialsand private sector participants shouldbe enforced and public reporting onevery case of fraud, corruption andunethical behaviour.In Uganda, procurement issues are integrated in the National Anti-Corruption Strategy. ThePPDA (Public Procurement and Disposal of Public Assets Authority) is a member of theAccountability Sector Working Group and of the Inter-Agency Forum that implements the anticorruptionstrategy. The Ugandan public procurement law describes the principles of ethical conductexpected of procurement practitioners and providers in carrying out public procurement. Provisions onfraud and corruption are included in the standard bidding documents comprising mandatorydeclarations for bidders.PPDA monitors through regular reports, compliance assessments, procurement audits that containagreed action plans for corrective actions and follow-up of their implementation and by involving civilsociety and the general public. Enforcement by PPDA includes the following measures: InvestigationsCOMPENDIUM OF COUNTRY EXAMPLES AND LESSONS LEARNED […] - OECD 2008 59
of procurement cases where malpractice is suspected including recommendations for disciplinaryactions; Submission of findings and recommendations from audits and investigations to the AuditorGeneral for parliamentary oversight; Hearings of administrative review appeals (2 tier complaintssystem); Suspension of providers who breach the ethical code of bidders; Liaison with lawenforcement agencies on investigation and prosecution of offences under the Act.In 2006, a National Public Procurement Integrity Baseline Survey was carried out. The findingsof the survey are outlined below.Box 13. Findings of the National Integrity Survey 2006, Uganda, and Way Forward 31The Integrity Survey was conducted in 33 local government and 13 central government procurement and disposalof public assets entities by PPDA and the Office of the Inspector General of Government.Findings: Losses due to procurement related corruption: approx. 7,2-9,4% of total contract values were identified asbeing paid by way of corrupt payments at both central and local government levels. Central government perception about corruption: 73-79% of the central government interviewees saidcorruption was non-existent or very limited in central government procurement while local governmentsperceived procurement corruption at the central government level to be most prevalent in the higher levels ofmanagement. Identified causes of corruption: Cultural reasons; lack of independent and effective judiciary; lack of effectiveincentive mechanism for public officials, such as lack of promotion on merit; economic policies; lack ofeffective reporting system; lack of transparent and accountable procurement processes. Effective anti-corruption measures: Permanent prohibition of a person convicted of corruption from holdingany public office; restitution order to seize assets; payment of informers/whistleblowers on conviction ofoffender; increase salaries; change legal burden of proof and taxation penalties. Level of tolerance to corruption: 95% of the interviewees perceived corruption as a serious offence. Thiscontradicted other assertions that Uganda is tolerant to corruption.Way Forward: Need to establish an effective monitoring and evaluation of the public procurement systems to determinecapacity gaps at individual, organisational and country levels. Need to determine the risks and vulnerable points at each stage of the procurement/disposal process andput in place strategies to mitigate them. Emphasise the importance of consistent political commitment and support from the highest levels ofgovernment. Build partnerships and establish linkages with civic organisations, oversight agencies and donor partners toaccelerate the fight against corruption.31Procurement Capacity Strengthening Initiatives in Uganda: an Anti-Corruption Approach presented atthe JV on procurement meeting in Arusha, Tanzania, 5-7 May 2008.60 COMPENDIUM OF COUNTRYEXAMPLES AND LESSONS LEARNED […] - © OECD 2008
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Compendium of Country Examplesand L
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ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERAT
Page 8 and 9:
ForewordIn 2002, the OECD-DAC and t
Page 10 and 11: Background and Purpose of this Pape
Page 12 and 13: The Procurement Assessment Methodol
Page 14 and 15: The Process of Preparing and Planni
Page 16 and 17: Box 1. High-level political support
Page 18 and 19: Table 2. Potential stakeholders in
Page 20 and 21: Based on the assessment reports pro
Page 22 and 23: willing to participate in the asses
Page 24 and 25: Implementing a Procurement Assessme
Page 26 and 27: 1 = areas where substantive work is
Page 28 and 29: Country experiencesMost of the pilo
Page 30 and 31: Indicator 4: Normative and regulato
Page 32 and 33: “Considerations for assessment”
Page 34 and 35: Lao, for example, reports that nati
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4. Possible negative impact
Page 38 and 39: Country experiencesThe usefulness o
Page 40 and 41: They identify and correct mistakes
Page 42 and 43: Box 8. Validation process in Zambia
Page 44 and 45: Making Use of the Assessment Result
Page 46 and 47: Procurement Capacity Development: I
Page 48: StakeholdersThe GPP argues that as
Page 51 and 52: Table 4. Compliance and Performance
Page 53 and 54: Engage banks in a dialogue to secur
Page 56 and 57: Linkages with Public Financial Mana
Page 58 and 59: Elements of transparency (transpare
Page 62 and 63: Next StepsThe Joint Venture on Proc
Page 64 and 65: CountryLatestprogressreportAssessme
Page 70 and 71: Country Sampling for CPI Stakeholde
Page 80: Country Sampling for CPI Stakeholde
Page 83 and 84: Procurementprocess (30%)10. Method
Page 85 and 86: 4. Member countries should ensure t
Page 88 and 89: Annex DList of Referenced Resources
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