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Research Team Coordinator: Vimala Ramachandran ERU Core Group: Kameshwari Jandhyala, Nishi Mehrotra, Lakshmi Krishnamurty, Vani Periodi and Aarti Saihjee Experts: Child Development: Nandita Chaudhary and Neerja Sharma (Lady Irwin College, New Delhi) Health and Nutrition: A P Ranga Rao, Hyderabad Research Methodology: Leela Visaria, Gujarat Institute of Development research, Ahmedabad Field Investigators: Andhra Pradesh: Vijaya Usha Rani R, K Venkatamma, D Lakshmi, B Chukamma, S Vijaya Rekha and G Jayasri (Mahila Samakhya Resource Centre, Andhra Pradesh) Karnataka: Usha P A, Uday Kumar, Claramma and Pramod Uttar Pradesh: Niti Saxena and Shahira Naim (ERU Lucknow) Richa Singh, Surbala Vaish, Anupras Mishra and Vibha Bajpai (Mahila Samakhya, Uttar Pradesh) Editors: Sunanda Bhattacharjea and Harsh Sethi Page 2
Acknowledgements My first and heartfelt thanks to the children, the mothers, teachers and young people in the three states who gave us so much of their time, their love and affection. This study would not have been possible without their contribution. I would like to thank the Department of Elementary Education and Department of Women and Child Development, Government of India and their counterpart departments in the Governments of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh for permitting us to interact with the teachers and children in schools and ICDS centres. Many thanks to Mahila Samakhya Programme in Andhra Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Karnataka, in particular Shalini Prasad, National Project Director, Nandini Prasad, State Programme Director Andhra Pradesh and Manju Agarwal, State Programme Director, Uttar Pradesh for facilitating our work in the field. Sincere thanks to Venita Kaul, Meera Priyadarshi, Vandana Sipahimalani Rao, Sudesh Ponnappa of the World Bank. Many thanks to Ward Heneveld, Kesav Desiraju, Mary E Young, Suzanne Allman, Aparna Sahay and Firoza Merhotra for reviewing the draft report. Shveta Kalyanwala of HealthWatch Trust was a wonderful sounding board and a ready volunteer when deadlines were on our head. This synthesis draws upon the Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Uttar Pradesh state reports (state-wise acknowledgements in respective chapters) and the inputs of experts on the team. Collating such rich qualitative data into a synthesis report was not easy – a lot of valuable insights have been left out. While every single member of the team has contributed to this document, I take full responsibility for mistakes and inaccuracies. Vimala Ramachandran 18 April 2003 Educational Resource Unit Delhi, Hyderabad and Lucknow Page 3
Page 1: Publication released by World Bank
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: ICD Concept
Page 7 and 8: GLOSSARY Ab iska kahan fayada hota
Page 9 and 10: Taluka Administrative unit - often
Page 11 and 12: concentric domains that span proxim
Page 13 and 14: Taking its cue from the above frame
Page 15 and 16: The rising cost of healthcare can h
Page 17 and 18: This emerging phenomenon of ‘hier
Page 19 and 20: day workshop in Hyderabad in late A
Page 21 and 22: Profile of the study area: Key indi
Page 23 and 24: stable, Uttar Pradesh continues to
Page 25 and 26: Village Village 1 UP Village 2 UP V
Page 27 and 28: SECTION TWO: THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Page 29 and 30: implicated, wholly or partially, in
Page 31 and 32: women. Since, most children began t
Page 33 and 34: families… The incidence of low bi
Page 35 and 36: Box 4: Devdasi woman of Karnataka K
Page 37 and 38: odies. Running noses, skin rashes a
Page 39 and 40: low, as is knowledge about the link
Page 41 and 42: Box 7: Glimpse of healthcare facili
Page 43 and 44: years, in our sample, suffer from e
Page 45 and 46: Measurements taken in the course of
Page 47 and 48: The problem of irregular food suppl
Page 49 and 50: Box 10: The Aanganwadi worker of th
Page 51 and 52: other services (looking after the c
Page 53 and 54:
women who are pregnant and those wh
Page 55 and 56:
completed primary education, 13 nev
Page 57 and 58:
The same issue was reiterated as we
Page 59 and 60:
instance, let us take the example o
Page 61 and 62:
gradually becoming more common. Wha
Page 63 and 64:
desired. In Uttar Pradesh free text
Page 65 and 66:
fuzzy. Learning outcomes are integr
Page 67 and 68:
discussed earlier, dry rations seem
Page 69 and 70:
mixed village pointing to the need
Page 71 and 72:
and further fragment the experience
Page 73 and 74:
poverty line. The households survey
Page 75 and 76:
databases in recent years on the is
Page 77 and 78:
and are able to cross the initial b
Page 79 and 80:
contrary to current received wisdom
Page 81 and 82:
- Height and weight for age an impo
Page 83 and 84:
eliable and regular immunisation, m
Page 85 and 86:
Table 27: Utilisation of health rel
Page 87 and 88:
Aanganwadi worker irregular +++ +++
Page 89 and 90:
impedes retention in school is the
Page 91 and 92:
for both. Enhancing access without
Page 93 and 94:
SECTION FOUR: POLICY IMPLICATIONS A
Page 95 and 96:
o While in-service teacher training
Page 97 and 98:
Balwadis of Pratham (Mumbai, Delhi
Page 99 and 100:
and monitoring, poor cold chain mai
Page 101 and 102:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFRENCES 1. Aggar
Page 103:
47. Sundaram, K. 2001. ‘Employmen
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