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followed by a ward list, based on census enumeration maps or municipality maps. Yet another list was generated based on population size, poverty indices used by the municipality, existence of the slum for at least 5 years, presence of ICDS programme, GPS, and location in relation to the town centre or periphery. Selection of two urban areas was done with care taken to ensure that one was located in the periphery and the other in the centre. Urban households were identified on the basis of criteria used in rural areas, however care was taken to ensure that relevant urban characteristics were not ignored (e.g. housing conditions etc.) and the selected households were not contiguous in location. Overall, the six villages and six urban settlements selected for the study reflected diversity in terms of location, demographic characteristics, remoteness / accessibility, caste and community composition and functioning of ICDS and primary education facilities (For detailed profile of study villages see respective state reports in Part II of this report). In order to maintain the confidentiality of our respondents we have taken care to use pseudonyms in our report and (apart from the research districts) extend the blanket of anonymity to the research villages and urban settlements. Page 20
Profile of the study area: Key indicators Table 6: Profile of the 3 states: Uttar Pradesh Karnataka Andhra Pradesh All India Population Population, 2001 (in million) 166.1 52.7 75.7 1027.0 % Intercensal decadal growth, 1991-2001 25.8 17.3 13.9 21.3 Sex ratio, (females per 1000 males) 1991 876 960 972 927 2001 898 964 978 933 Juvenile sex ratio 1991 927 960 975 945 (Age group 0-6) 2001 Fertility and Mortality Indicators 916 949 964 927 Crude birth rate, 2000 32.8 22.0 21.3 25.8 Total fertility rate, 1998 4.6 2.4 2.4 3.2 Crude death rate, 2000 Life expectancy at birth 1993-97 10.3 7.8 8.2 8.5 Males 58.1 61.6 61.2 60.4 Females 56.9 64.9 63.5 61.8 Infant mortality rate, 2000 (Per 1000 live births) 83 57 65 68 Neo-natal mortality rate, 1998 52 42 46 45 Post neo-natal mortality rate, 1998 33 17 21 27 Child mortality rate, 1998 (Below 5 years) % Of children under age 3 with weight for 30 17 18 22 age
Page 1 and 2: Publication released by World Bank
Page 3 and 4: Acknowledgements My first and heart
Page 5 and 6: LIST OF TABLES Table 1: ICD Concept
Page 7 and 8: GLOSSARY Ab iska kahan fayada hota
Page 9 and 10: Taluka Administrative unit - often
Page 11 and 12: concentric domains that span proxim
Page 13 and 14: Taking its cue from the above frame
Page 15 and 16: The rising cost of healthcare can h
Page 17 and 18: This emerging phenomenon of ‘hier
Page 19: day workshop in Hyderabad in late A
Page 23 and 24: stable, Uttar Pradesh continues to
Page 25 and 26: Village Village 1 UP Village 2 UP V
Page 27 and 28: SECTION TWO: THROUGH THE LIFE CYCLE
Page 29 and 30: implicated, wholly or partially, in
Page 31 and 32: women. Since, most children began t
Page 33 and 34: families… The incidence of low bi
Page 35 and 36: Box 4: Devdasi woman of Karnataka K
Page 37 and 38: odies. Running noses, skin rashes a
Page 39 and 40: low, as is knowledge about the link
Page 41 and 42: Box 7: Glimpse of healthcare facili
Page 43 and 44: years, in our sample, suffer from e
Page 45 and 46: Measurements taken in the course of
Page 47 and 48: The problem of irregular food suppl
Page 49 and 50: Box 10: The Aanganwadi worker of th
Page 51 and 52: other services (looking after the c
Page 53 and 54: women who are pregnant and those wh
Page 55 and 56: completed primary education, 13 nev
Page 57 and 58: The same issue was reiterated as we
Page 59 and 60: instance, let us take the example o
Page 61 and 62: gradually becoming more common. Wha
Page 63 and 64: desired. In Uttar Pradesh free text
Page 65 and 66: fuzzy. Learning outcomes are integr
Page 67 and 68: discussed earlier, dry rations seem
Page 69 and 70: mixed village pointing to the need
Page 71 and 72:
and further fragment the experience
Page 73 and 74:
poverty line. The households survey
Page 75 and 76:
databases in recent years on the is
Page 77 and 78:
and are able to cross the initial b
Page 79 and 80:
contrary to current received wisdom
Page 81 and 82:
- Height and weight for age an impo
Page 83 and 84:
eliable and regular immunisation, m
Page 85 and 86:
Table 27: Utilisation of health rel
Page 87 and 88:
Aanganwadi worker irregular +++ +++
Page 89 and 90:
impedes retention in school is the
Page 91 and 92:
for both. Enhancing access without
Page 93 and 94:
SECTION FOUR: POLICY IMPLICATIONS A
Page 95 and 96:
o While in-service teacher training
Page 97 and 98:
Balwadis of Pratham (Mumbai, Delhi
Page 99 and 100:
and monitoring, poor cold chain mai
Page 101 and 102:
BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFRENCES 1. Aggar
Page 103:
47. Sundaram, K. 2001. ‘Employmen
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