Message from Chairman PEC Engr. Dr. Muhammad Akram Sheikh

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ENGINEER PEC September 2007channel. The only difference is an additional lake at thelower end in which tail water is stored up for pumping in theexisting powerhouse, additional machinery has to beprovided for pumping. Reversible units would be used fornew powerhouse. The conduit system in some cases hasto be designed for the two-way movement of water. Thetransmission lines connecting the powerhouse to the gridcan also be used to draw power from the grid duringpumping operations. Figure-8, typically represents thepumped storage scheme configuration.Why pumped storage/generation?Electricity itself cannot be stored, but the potential togenerate electricity can ---- for example, in a battery.Pumped storage plants provide a way to store the potentialenergy of water. This enables meetings peak powerdemands by pumping tail basin water to upstreamreservoir during low demand period and utilizing thisadditional water to generate electricity during peakdemand period of the day.a. Economic Justificationi. Many countries have a special tariff for peak-loadpower which is about 2 to 3 times more than thenormal tariff. In future, a similar situation maydevelop in Pakistan. Therefore, the plant can bemade to earn additional revenues because of theconversion of cheap off-peak power to costlierpeak power. These revenues can pay back theinvestments made in the plant.ii. The alternative of generating peak power by usingfossil fuels is prohibitively costlier.In the year 2000 the United States had 19500 MW capacityof pumped storage. They consume more power filling theirreservoirs than they generate by emptying them. Still thetechnique is considered a worthwhile addition to theelectrical grid as the most cost effective means forregulation of electrical power.Load Factors (LF) of Tarbela, Mangla and GBHP at 4Representative Days and the Average Daily LoadFactor (LF) Table - 2DateTARBELA% LFMANGLAGHAZIBAROTHAJan 10, 04 16.3 41.1 33.1Apr 20, 04 31.3 78.0 57.4Aug 20, 04 94.7 46.0 87.2Dec 20,0444.1 53.6 29.3Averagedaily LF46.6 54.675 51.75b. Need of Reserve PlantThe base units are deficit in providing the peak demand.The deficiencies of a base unit can be over come byproviding pumped storage as an auxiliary plant whichshould be able to perform following functions:-i. To generate peak power quickly and efficientlyduring the peak demand periodii. To create an artificial load during low demandperiod and to improve the load factor of the baseplantiii. To adjust the power generation to match the loadfluctuations of the networkiv. To be able to take the full load quickly from thestand-still or from shut down position.ConstitutionThe plant has most of the components of a normalhydroelectric plant namely the high level lake, the powertunnel or penstocks, the powerhouse and the tail race26
ENGINEER PEC September 2007Table 1: Installed Capacity & Capability of WAPDA System As of July 2005Sr.No.Name of Power StationInstalled Capacity(MW)Capability (MW)Summer Winter1. Tarbela 3478 3691 7602. Mangla 1000 1020 4003. Chashma Low Head 184 184 754. Ghazi Barotha 1450 1450 5805. Warsak 243 195 1456. Small Hydels 108 68 34Sub-Total (Hydel) 6463 6608 1994GENCO-I:7. TPS Jamshoro #1-4 850 695 6958. GTPS Kotri #1-7 174 130 150Sub-Total GENCO-I 1024 825 845GENCO-II:9. TPS Guddu Steam #1-4 640 430 43010. TPS Guddu C.C. #5-13 1015 875 94511. TPS Quetta 35 22 22GENCO-III:Sub-Total GENCO-II 1690 1327 139712. TPS Muzaffargarh #1-6 1350 1260 126013. NGPS Multan #1&2 130 100 10014. GTPS Faisalabad #1-9 244 175 21015. SPS Faisalabad #1&2 132 100 10016. Shahdra G.T. 59 40 40Sub-Total GENCO-III: 1915 1675 1710GENCO-IV:17. FBC Lakhra 150 35 35Sub-Total WAPDA Thermal 4779 3862 3987Total Capacity (WAPDA) 11242 10470 5981Private Projects18. KAPCO 1638 1342 134219. Hub Power Project 1292 1200 120020. Kohinoor Energy Ltd. 131 120 12021. AES Lalpir Ltd. 362 351 35122. AES Pak Gen (Pvt) Ltd. 365 344 34423. Southern Electric Power Co. Ltd. 117 112 11224. Habibullah Energy Ltd. 140 126 12625. Rouch (Pak) Power Ltd. 450 395 39526. Saba Power Company 134 123 12327. Fauji Kabirwala 157 150 15028. Japan Power Generation Ltd. 135 107 10729. Uch Power Project 586 548 54830. Altern Energy Ltd. 10.5 10 1031. Jagran Hydel 30 30 632. Liberty Power Project 235 210 21033. Chashma Nuclear (PAEC) 325 300 300Sub-Total (Private) 6107.5 5468 5444Total (WAPDA System) 17349 15938 1142527
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Message from Chairman PEC Engr. Dr. Muhammad Akram Sheikh

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