Message from Chairman PEC Engr. Dr. Muhammad Akram Sheikh

ENGINEER PEC September 2007provision of pumped storage be considered.Table-3 depicts, both, capabilities/load factors of all themain existing plants, individually and when combinedtogether.Thus, it emerges that during the year, the unutilized hydelcapacity of existing plants can be used in pumping andfuture hydel plants can be designed in conjunction withpumped storage generation so that the maximum hydelcomponent is achieved. (Table-1 to 3, Fig 10 (a-d))For Pakistan, we find that through the conventional Planning for the Future(without increasing the load factor by use of pumpedstorage generation) design/ construction of hydro/ thermal “Prior planning prevents poor performance”. It should beplants. There seems no hope to meet our energy possible to think in term of international super grids in therequirements in an economical way. Present/ Future future for which a number of countries may cooperate withaverage scenario of load factor/ generation/ capabilities is each other to make the best use of the different resourcesshown in Table-4.available for power generation. Example is the EU, whichis getting the benefits of cooperative efforts in thePresent Load = 8000 MW integrated thermal, nuclear and hydel power stations.Load in 2016 at the increase of 400 MW/ year = 12000 MW There should, therefore, be no hesitation toAbove discussion leads to the following conclusions change/improve our present stations of = 60% loadi. Without Pumped Storage; factor and design future plants having load factor > 80%Total average daily generation (in year 2003-2004) in throughout the year. For this purpose; paras 3 & 4 in view,Pakistan 189.00 Mkwhpresently, at Tarbela (Figure-9) we have;Average daily hydel generation 71.23 MkwhRatio between Hydel and total generation 0.376 a. High Level Reservoir (Tarbela) with,ii. With pumped storage only at Tarbela: i. Maximum conservation level - 472.41 m.Average daily hydel generation 4479 /1000 x 24 Mkwh ii. Crest of Main Dam - 477.90 m.= 107.49 Mkwh b. Low Level Reservoir (Ghazi) with,Ratio between Hydel and total generation = 0.568 i. Maximum conservation level - 341.50 miii. With pumped storage at all the three existing plants ii. Crest of Barrage - 342.00 mAverage daily hydel generation 128.16 Mkwh iii. Live storage capacity3- 60.20M. mRatio between Hydel and total generation 0.678iv.thTarbela 4 extension- By providing reversiblePumped Storage generation in the future extension 4project, we can get further 960 MW which is equivalentto 23.04 MKwh.v. Changing the present conventional design of KalaBagh Dam plant to the mixture (55% conventional +45% reversible pumped storage) the total averagegeneration can be increased to 76.68 MKwh.= (3600x0.55) + [(3600x0.45) x 0.75]= 1980+1215=3195 MWDaily average generation = 76.68 MKwhTotal hydel daily generation = 151.2+76.68= 227.88MKwhvi. Changing the present conventional design of BashaDam Project to the mixture (55% conventional+45%reversible pumped storage)Total average hydel increase= (4500x0.55)+[(4500x0.45)x0.75] = 2475+1518.75 = 3994 MWDaily average generation = 95.86 MKwhTotal hydel daily generation = 227.88 + 95.86 =323.74 MKwh say 324 MKwh324 MKwh average daily hydel generation is about 70%more than the total (hydel + thermal) present generation inPakistan. It means that we will become self sufficient withsome surplus for possible export and simultaneously wecan get rid of or at least reasonably reduce the thermalcomponent just after the construction of Kala Bagh DamProject and Basha Dam Projects.The Conduit system for generation, Transmission linesconnecting to / from the National Grid. Only additionalmachinery along with pipe system has to be provided forpumping. Similarly the provision of pumped generation atfuture plants at Indus / Jhelum rivers should be checked.30