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Alaska North Slope. The ATBs’ cargo capacities range from 25,000 to 54,000 deadweighttons. OSG is phasing out its older tank vessels and replacing them with state-of-the-artdouble hull tonnage, including twelve Veteran Class MT-46 Jones Act product tankers beingbuilt at the Aker Philadelphia Shipyard, as mandated by the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (OPA90). 19 The OSG ATB fleet has cargo capacities similar to those of the Handysize tankers.These ATB units serve as both refined petroleum product carriers and crude oil lighteringvessels at U.S. ports where very large crude carriers (VLCC) use shuttle service to transfercargo to smaller ships offshore, because depth restrictions at approaches to the terminalsprevent them from offloading directly at the port. Figure 14 shows a new OSG ATB tugboatunder construction.Figure 14 – OSG ATB Tug, under constructionSource: OSG website.Osprey Lines Self-propelled and COB Vessel Service in Gulf-Coast Markets forLiquid, Drybulk and Break-bulk CargoOsprey Lines, LLC started business in 2000 as a spinoff from Maersk’s acquisition of Sea-Land to provide U.S. flag container feeder service to transport import containers in the GulfCoast region. The service initially focused on COB operations between New Orleans andHouston, and then expanded into domestic service on the Sea Trader self-propelled lift onliftoff (LoLo) containerships. The Sea Trader was a 13.5-knot, 286-foot-long, 248 TEU(124 FEU) U.S. flag containership converted from an offshore service vessel (OSV) capableof carrying 2,500 tons of cargo for both international and domestic containers. 20 The vessel19 http://www.osg.com/ks_usflag.htm20 Reeves and Associates, “Analysis of the Potential Markets for Short Sea Shipping Services ove the Ports ofFall River and New Bedford,” prepared for the Massachusetts Department of Business and Technology andSeaport Advisory Council, March 29, 2006.ONR SSS Final Report 25