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Self-Propelled Tank ShipsIn 2007, the tank vessels serving the U.S. coastal trade included crude tankers (also calledcrude carriers), product tankers, and tank-barges, including Articulated Tank Barges or ATB(Table 9.) ATBs are classified as non-self-propelled tug-barge combinations, as described inSection 4-2.Table 9 – Jones Act Compliant Self-Propelled Tank Ship and Non-Self-Propelled ATBVessels in Domestic Commerce, 2007Type Fleet DWT MetricTonsTon Miles(Billion)AverageMiles perShipment(Million)Self-Propelled Crude Tankers 13 2,068 27.8 44.9 1,615Self-Propelled Product Tankers 44 1,909 35.6 44.7 1,256Tank Barges/ATB 116 2,045 67.4 30.1 447Total 173 6,022 130.8 119.7 915Source: MARAD, Coastal Tank Vessel Market Snapshot, 2007, Office of Policy and Plans, August 2008,Tables 1 and 3.According to the MARAD Fleet Report on the inventory and traffic volumes for coastal tankvessels, the volume of trade carried on crude carriers and product tankers, measured bymetric tons carried, declined moderately between 2002 and 2007, while the volume of tradeon tank barges stayed relatively stable. MARAD has reported that new tank vessels are moreproductive than the older vessels they have replaced because they require less maintenanceand dry-docking time. New tankers also have 2 to 3 times more pumping capacity (and lesstime required for load per discharge) than older tankers. Figure 20 shows a Self-propelledLube Oil Barge with the following characteristics: 46,000 deadweight tons, 183 meters long,33.2 meters in breadth, 12.2 meters draft, service speed 15 knots, cargo pumps at 3,600meters 3 /hour (15,800 gpm).Figure 20 - Overseas Houston Self- Propelled Tank BargeSource: Professional Mariner website, https://www.professionalmariner.comMARAD has attributed the decline in the self-propelled product- and crude-tanker tradeslargely to “import substitution” in the petroleum trades. In 2007, imports accounted for 65ONR SSS Final Report 42