Cinematography-Theory-And-Practice

Figures 8.30. A day exterior withnegative fill (the black 12x12 solidthat creates a shadow side) andshiny board reflectors that areaimed through 4x4 frames with diffusion.The fill is an 8x8 frame withUltrabounce, a reflective material.This setup reverses the direction ofthe light source (the sun). The shinyboards are necessary in order toraise the level of the actors so thatthey are not significantly darker thanthe background, which would otherwisebe seriously overexposed.with metal scrims, a single (color coded green) reduces the light byone-half stop and a double (color coded red) reduces the light by afull stop. The same frames used for nets can be covered with whitesilk-like material that is a medium heavy diffusion. When they arecovered with black duvetyne, they are flags or cutters, which can controlspill, cast shadows, or block off flares from the lens. The samesilk-like material or solid black duvetyne (a fire-resistant cloth) alsocomes in larger sizes for butterflies and overheads. These come invarious sizes, denoted in feet: 4x4, 6x6, 8x8, 12x12, and 20x20.(Figure 8.30).FOR MORE INFORMATION ON LIGHTINGLighting is a vast subject; here we have room only to cover the basics.For more on lighting techniques, photometric data, grip equipmentand methods, electrical distribution, bulbs, and scene lighting examples,see Motion Picture and Video Lighting by the same author, alsopublished by Focal Press.cinematography146