Cinematography-Theory-And-Practice

Skip BleachSkip-Bleach bleach-bypass are essentially incomplete processing in that they leaveout a step that is a part of the usual processing method. The advantageof this is that it is reversible. This is because leaving the silverin has the effect of increasing the density of the negative. Density isbasically silver affected by photochemical reaction: if there is moresilver, there is more density. It is the same as if there was additionalexposure. This is the case because you are skipping the bleach at thenegative stage. Bleach-bypass on the negative not only makes theblacks blacker, but it also makes the whites whiter, which is to say itincreases contrast. Also, overall density increases, as we discussed inthe chapter Exposure; this is sometimes called a thicker negative. Forthis reason, most labs recommends a slight underexposure for negativeintended for bleach-bypass).This creates a look that is more radical than ENR or a bleach-bypasson the intermediates or the release print. All silver retention processescost more than normal processing. This is true of any processin which the lab must alter its normal procedures — such as push orpull processing. In skip-bleach or similar process detailed following,there is an additional cost. Normally the silver that is taken out ofthe emulsion is recycled and sold. When it is left in, the lab can nolonger recycle and resell it, and they need to charge the productioncompany for that in addition to their normal fees. At most labs thereis a setup fee, plus a per-foot charge.ENRENR is a proprietary Technicolor process. It was invented byErnesto Novelli Rimo (hence its name) of Technicolor Rome, andthe process was first used by Vittorio Storaro on the 1981 film Reds.Since then, Storaro has also used it on films such as The Last Emperorand Little Buddha. It has also been used on films such as Jade, TheGame, and Saving Private Ryan. additional black-and-white developing bath in order to retain someof the silver. After the film has been bleached, but prior to the silverbeing fixed out of the film, this extra bath allows for a controlledamount of silver to be redeveloped, adding density blacks. ENR isused on the release prints. As a result, each print roll must have thesame amount of ENR appliedNot only does it make the blacks blacker, but by increasing contrastin the shadows, there is a slight increase of the shadow detail andan increase in apparent sharpness due to a small edge effect aroundthe image. Note that this is apparent sharpness, not actual sharpness.Many people refer to ENR as a bleach-bypass process, but it is not.Bleach-bypass does have a similar effect, but chemically it is different.In the ENR process, the intensity of the effect can be varied controllablyby varying the concentration of the chemistry. This makesit possible to add just a small amount of ENR that has the effectof making the blacks richer but without noticeable effect on colorsaturation. The ENR process that is variable in effect must be quantifiableso that the DP and lab can confer on how much is to be done.In the ENR process a densitometer is used to measure the level. Inthis case, it is an infrared densitometer. As a result ENR is classifiedin density levels, not percentages. For example, a certain print mightbe 50 IR. This means a .50 density, not 50%.cinematography250