King Asoka and Buddhism - Urban Dharma

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to it as sambuddhasamayaṃ, “the Teaching of the PerfectlyEnlightened One,” while Dpv. VII, 53, merely uses theword sāsana, “the Message.”20. The uposatha is an essential feature in the unity of theSaṅgha. Hence the great emphasis laid on it.21. Smp. next mentions that Moggaliputta Tissa recited theKathāvatthu refuting heretical views and held the ThirdCouncil rehearsing the Dhamma and the Vinaya andcleansing the Dispensation of all stains.22. The outward emblems of the theyyasaṃvāsakā — ”thosewho live clandenstinely with the bhikkus” — are theyellow robes. They were disrobed and given whitegarments, as the Smp. and edicts state.23. 218 A.B. works out to 265 B.C., taking 483 B.C. as the dateof the Buddha’s parinibbāna.24. At Smp. I, 61, the King says, suddhaṃ dāni bhante sāsanaṃ,karotu bhikkusaṅgho upasathaṃ: “Sirs, the Dispensation isnow pure, may the Order of monks hold the uposatha.”It adds later, samaggo saṅgho sannipatitvā uposathaṃ akāsi,“The Order assembled, and united, held the uposatha.”Mhv. V, 273 ff. too states:“Saṅgho visodhito yasmā, tasmā saṅgho uposathaṃkarotu bhante” icc’ evaṃ vatvā therassa bhūpatisaṅghassa rakkhaṃ datvāna nagaraṃ pāvisī subhaṃsaṅgho samaggo hutvāna tadākāsi uposathaṃ.“Since the Order has been purified, may the Order, Sirs,hold the uposatha,” saying thus to the Elder, the King109
gave protection to the Order and entered his beautifulcity. The Order being united (in harmony), then held theuposatha.25. Vide Radhakumud Mookerji, Aśoka, p. 37.26. The reader is referred to Dr. B.M. Barua’s Inscriptions ofAśoka, II, 378 ff. where he has given comprehensive notesand observations on the Schism Pillar Edict. He concludes:“By the consensus of opinion the text of Aśoka’sordinance confirms the authenticity of the Pali traditionconcerning the third or Pāṭaliputra Council. Strictlyspeaking it throws some light on the truth behind thetradition concerning the samāgama or assembly of thecommunity of bhikkus which preceded the Council.”27. While the edicts go up to this point, the discovery of thecaskets containing the relics of the missionaries whowere despatched after the Council gives us further datain support of the Council.T110
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King Asoka and BuddhismHistorical &
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Buddhism / Indian History / Asian S
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ContentsThe Contributors ..........
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3. The Gathering of the Relics ....
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owing to the inability of certain s
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1Aśoka — The Great UpāsakaRICHA
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Buddhism which Aśoka announced in
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not only urges diligence on others,
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84,000 monasteries and as many stū
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e Aśoka, a layman, who tests monks
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eousness can hardly have been Buddh
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Notes1. P.H.L. Eggermont, The Chron
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2Aśoka and Buddhism as Reflectedin
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elation to Brahmanism. There was ce
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the correct doctrine. What is of si
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is the nearest that we get in the i
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days remains unclear unless the com
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since he showed them the way and th
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the importance of trade, the first
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accordance with dhamma was preferab
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in Kalinga, is interestingly omitte
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was largely absent. The phrase that
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That the larger corpus of edicts we
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3Emperor Aśoka and Buddhism:Unreso
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to punish them for their crimes, so
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Aśokan scholars since the 1830’s
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Pandukabhaya had built them a resid
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The Mahāmātras stationed at Kauś
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The Sri Lankan Pali records, which
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problem. Nor would there be a diffi
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17 th Gets concerned over indiscipl
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to gratify ambition and enrich the
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whose central theme is the conquest
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are altogether silent on a Kalinga
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Page 74 and 75: within his dominions. The frontier
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Page 78 and 79: edicts addressed to the Saṅgha; a
Page 80 and 81: evidence of Aśoka’s own lithic r
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Page 84 and 85: ecords relating to Dharma, appointe
Page 86 and 87: the other peoples dwelling about th
Page 88 and 89: earlier, the creation of the new ca
Page 90 and 91: five Greek kings among themselves a
Page 92 and 93: gratitude, amounting at times to sh
Page 94 and 95: e inconsistencies begin to make sen
Page 96 and 97: onistically with a brahmin exponent
Page 98 and 99: 3 rd ed. rev. (New Delhi: Governmen
Page 100 and 101: far been found, the latest being th
Page 102 and 103: made, it rendered subsequent steps
Page 104 and 105: its Culture, 2nd. ed. rev. (Colombo
Page 106 and 107: The central theme in the majority o
Page 108 and 109: on a statement made by I-tsing 5 th
Page 110 and 111: confused accounts of the Sanskrit S
Page 112 and 113: the Vinaya. Some of them tended the
Page 114 and 115: In the foregoing data we have two i
Page 116 and 117: Aśoka cannot be expected to decide
Page 118 and 119: and while Aśoka who meted out such
Page 120 and 121: (2) Aliyavasāni (P. Ariyavaṃsān
Page 124 and 125: 5Aśoka and the Emergence of a Sinh
Page 126 and 127: 5. the Mahābodhivaṃsa (10 th or
Page 128 and 129: 3. The Mission to Sri Lanka: Brief
Page 130 and 131: was planted in the Mahāmegha Park
Page 132 and 133: disbelieve these events associated
Page 134 and 135: and he saw to it that his actions s
Page 136 and 137: at Kalinga, would have paid special
Page 138 and 139: missionaries to propagate the Buddh
Page 140 and 141: To the first question the answer is
Page 142 and 143: fore Mahinda Thera’s Buddhist mis
Page 144 and 145: and the countries they visited. 47
Page 146 and 147: order. 55 Their son Sumana was a me
Page 148 and 149: it to wither away. But Aśoka manag
Page 150 and 151: Notes1. G.P. Malalasekera, ed. Va
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Page 154 and 155: 6Images of Aśoka:Some Indian and S
Page 156 and 157: legends and stories that were told
Page 158 and 159: Sanskrit avadānas each have their
Page 160 and 161: who pointed out the honey store bec
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Page 164 and 165: the end of Aśoka’s life, it is o
Page 166 and 167: somewhat regained consciousness, he
Page 168 and 169: elics of the Buddha for redistribut
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Secondly, related to this are the d
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It is clear, then, that this is a t
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how in the Aśokāvadāna these wer
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eborn as a god in one of the heaven
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the night, the guardian gods came t
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monarch bested by a nāga, nor, out
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as Japan were inspired to emulate i
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ConclusionWith this Lokapaññatti
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6. A.L. Basham, “The Rise of Budd
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y dint of his military power. This
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43. Strong, p. 192. Upagupta has al
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62. T.W. Rhys Davids, E. Carpenter,
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sequently carried on in the histori
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Aśoka remained largely a name in t
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of Jalauka’s name in other record
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the Sanskrit original is no longer
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Upagupta commanded immense venerati
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(5) His conversion to Buddhism is a
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whose noble fame travelled far and
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surrounded by a coating of inventio
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missionary role claimed by Aśoka i
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Aśoka and, by implication, these m
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of forbearance and light punishment
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from the pens of many an intellectu
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ascribed to Aśoka ideas and deeds
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the only scholar of the West to dis
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such a way that no heretical monks
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(2) that he used Buddhism — or ra
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in this by the fact that these sect
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of the land’s greatest moments in
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ecame infinitely more spiritual. Bu
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frontier areas as a reaction agains
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Present-day India has been so impre
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3. K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, Age of th
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y V. Sirinivasa Sarma (Delhi: Banar
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Pali et Traduction, L’Ecole fran
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I have drawn closer to the Sangha a
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The chronological constraints have
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MapsAśoka’s Indian Empire235
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