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noAUSTRALASIA.coast. Belonging geologically to the Malay peninsula, and like it consistingmainly of granite and sandstones, they rise in undulating cliffs, above wliicLiappear a few higher summits, or "mountains," as the natives call them. One ofthe eminences in Bintang attains a height of 1,700 feet, which is still 2,000 feetlower than the peak of Lingga (3,700 feet), culminating point in the island of likename, in the southern group. Notwithstanding their healthy climate, due to theabsence of marshy tracts, a large number of the islands are still uninhabited, andFig. H.—Riouw Ap.chipelago.Scale 1 : 1,640,000.7/Jl^3S-^^P^Lasb or GreenDeptlia.Pto80Feet.
BANGKA. 117Both in the towns and rural districts these Chinese are divided into two distinctnations, each with its " captain,"—the Chinese of Canton and those of Amoj-, thelatter contrasting favourably with the former for their peaceful habits, love of work,and sobriety.This steady inflow of the " Celestials " is due to the development of trade,which is much more active in the Riouw than in the Lingga archipelago. TheChinese are here also occupied with the cultivation of tjamhir, of which Riouw haspractically the monopoly. This product, called also terra japonica and catechu, isobtained from a decoction of the leaves of the uncaria, or imuclea gamhiroi botanists.The island of Bintan alone yields about sixteen million pounds yearly, forwardedchiefly to Batavia, ]\Iacassar, and Banjermassin, where it is used in the preparationof betel. Eiouw is also one of the most important pepper-growing regions inIndonesia.Some places have also deposits of tin, amongst others the two Karimon isletsin the Strait of Malacca, and the large island of Singkep, in the southern archipelagosouth of Lingga. The straits j'ield large quantities of holothurians and of the agaragar[fucus saccharinus), for which Chinese epicures pay a high price.Riomc, capital of the archipelagoes, and, till recently, of the East SumatranResidency, is situated in the islet of Tanjang Pinaug, close to the west side of Bintang,largest member of these insular groups. The town, whose name is oftenextended to the two adjacent islands, stands on the east side of the Riouw Strait,the Rhio of the English charts. It comprises several distinct quarters, stretchingaround a shallow roadstead ; which, however, is well sheltered from all winds by theadjacent islets of liars and Sengarang. Although declared a free port in 1828,Riouw has not been able to compete with its British neighbour SingajDore, to whichvast emporium it sends the tribute of all its exports by a regular line of steamers.Baxgka.The large island of Bangka, with an area of about five thousand square miles,and administratively constituting a Residencj' of itself, might seem at first sightto form a mere geographical dependence of Sumatra. Nevertheless it is entirelydistinct from that region in its geographical constitution, forming, like the Riouwand Lingga groups, a fragmentary extension of the Malay peninsula. It is alsodisposed in precisely the same direction, from north-west to south-east, parallel withthe main axis of Sumatra. The corresponding series of convex and concave curvespresented by both sides of the tortuous and shallow strait separating Bangka fromthe alluvial lands of Palembang, is due not to a rupture produced between rocksof identical formation, but to the action of the alternating marine currents uniformlydistributing the sedimentary matter brought down by the Palembangrivers.Unlike Sumatra, Bangka has neither volcanoes nor igneous rocks, and is almostdestitute even of thermal springs. The chief formations are granites, quartz, feldspars,thrown together without any apparent regularity. The undulating hills are
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:y£.:^ >M'%m
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OF THE•JNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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^5 \onrNTED BY J. S. VI'iTUR AND CO
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•ivCONTENTS.CHAP.VI. New Guinea a
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: . . .LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LISTOF
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1*1— ii'^ ixB- , a.•'-'\\• '
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2 AUSTEALASIA.great oceanic depress
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4 AUSTRALAMA.Sumatra to Tasmania, a
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OCEANIC EXPLOEATION. 7110 less than
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LIBRARYOF THEMNIVEftSITYofltUNOlS.
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10 AUSTEALASIA.group discovered by
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12 AUSTEALASIA.as a god, but soon a
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14 AUSTRALASIA.where he'came close
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IGAUSTRALASIA.enterprise the seriou
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18 AUSTEALARIA.,few hundred fathoms
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20 AUSTRALASIA.everywhere a clay fo
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OCEANIC AEEIAL CUEEEXTS. 21ing as t
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M-VEIXE CUBEEXTS. 23of the conflict
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MARINE CUREKXTS. 25consequently rel
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DIUFT ICE. 27drifting northwards wi
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VOLCANIC AGEXCIES. 29Ze;ilanrl, com
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CORALLINE FORMATIONS. 31sequently i
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CORAL FORMATIONS. 83so the reef con
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# .^1'.' k
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OCE.\KIC FLOEA. 35than a hundred di
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OCEANIC FAUNA. 37Old World except i
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INHABITANTS OF THE OCEANIC REGIONS.
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THE M/\.SCAEENHAS. 41in winter, and
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MAUEITIUS. 4:3swept away seventy-tw
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h•, J
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MAUEITITTS. 45aloe fibre, and cocoa
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EEUNIOX. 47highest point of the isl
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4t>*«#. .^,#^
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REUNION. 49standing its fertility,
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
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52 AUSTEALAPTA.Galets, St. Denis, t
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54 AUSTEAI.ASIAoa the banks of Rodr
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5CAUSTRALASIA.are the cocoanut palm
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58 AUSTEAT-ASIA.and Athens in the n
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,i
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60 AUSTRALASIA.buffeted by fierce g
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62 AUSTRALASIA.Formerly the island
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CHAPTER III.HE EASTEEN ARCHIPELAGO
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IXDONESIA.6SI.ndo-Malaya andAustro-
Page 103 and 104: INDONESIA.G7and their conquests hav
Page 105 and 106: IXDONESIA. 69fortune * some years a
Page 107 and 108: FLORA OF I>rDONT:SIA. 71whole of ll
Page 109 and 110: FAUNA OF IXDOXESIA. 73the other isl
Page 111 and 112: FAUXA OF INDONESIA. 75At the same t
Page 113 and 114: IXHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 77In the
Page 115 and 116: INHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 79black,
Page 117 and 118: SUMATRA. 81The Siimatran mountain s
Page 119 and 120: SUMATRAN HIGHLAXDS. 83wealth of the
Page 121 and 122: SUMATEAN HIGHLANDS. 85chasm visited
Page 123 and 124: onKEAKATAU. 87Krakai'au.Till recent
Page 125 and 126: KEAKATAU. 89ashes and pumice was es
Page 127 and 128: SUMATRAN ElYERS. 91alluvial lands a
Page 129 and 130: SUMATEAN ISLANDS. 93to the west the
Page 131 and 132: IXHABITAXTS OF SUMATRA. 95camphor,
Page 133 and 134: '.=INHABITANTS OF SUMATEA. 97dant h
Page 135 and 136: IXUAEIT.VXTS OF SUMATRA. 99The lang
Page 137 and 138: IXHABITANTS OP SUMATRA. 101On the d
Page 139 and 140: IN'HABITANTS OF SUMATRA. 103neighbo
Page 141 and 142: INHABITANTS OF SUJIATRA. 105all spe
Page 143 and 144: TOPOGRAPHY OF SUMATRA. 107thousand
Page 145 and 146: TOPOGEAPIIY OP SUMATRA 109about £6
Page 147 and 148: TOPOGEAPHY OF SUMATRA.Illlocal sayi
Page 150 and 151: LlSfiARYOF THEiNIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 152 and 153: 114 AUSTRALASIA.contribute to swell
Page 156 and 157: 118 AUSTEALASIA.not disposed in rid
Page 158 and 159: 120 AUSTRALASIA.same geological for
Page 160 and 161: 122 AUSTEALASIA.Permanent European
Page 162 and 163: 124 AUSTRALASIA.ubruptly, the pass
Page 164 and 165: ] 20 AUSTRALASIA.Several ofthe summ
Page 166 and 167: 128 AUSTRALASIA.gradually diminisli
Page 168 and 169: 130 AUSTEiiLASIA.Kiijang, the ScbuT
Page 170 and 171: 182 AUSTRALASIA.and rosins. On the
Page 172 and 173: 134 AUSTRALASIA.The great bulk of t
Page 174 and 175: 136 AUSTRALASIA.people in the whole
Page 176 and 177: ILIBRARYOF THE'NIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 178 and 179: 133 AUSTBAIASIA.Dajâks, and toward
Page 180 and 181: InoAUSTRM.ASIA.and backwaters. Here
Page 182 and 183: 142 AUSTRALASIA.The little port of
Page 184 and 185: 144 AUSTRALASIA.Labuan.At the time
Page 186 and 187: 146 AUSTRALASIA.annual surplus devo
Page 188 and 189: 118 AUSTEALASLV.mouth of the Kina-B
Page 190 and 191: 150 AUSTRALASIA.north-westwards tow
Page 192 and 193: 152 AUSTRALASIA.feet) was still act
Page 194 and 195: One of these volcanoes,the Malabar,
Page 196 and 197: 15GAUSTRALASIA.ground caual which d
Page 198 and 199: 158 AUSTRALASIA.the west. Neverthel
Page 200 and 201: 160 AUSTRALASIA.The Arjuno chain is
Page 202 and 203: LIBRARYOF THEJNlVERSITYofltLlNOlS,
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162 AUSTRALASIA.crater, is encircle
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164 AUSTRALASIA.natural depression
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J1G(5 AUSTEALA8IA.about a Iniiulved
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•invading-J108 AUSTRALASIA.and to
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170 AUSTRALASIA.Javanese aborigines
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J]7-2 AUSTRALASIA,Although less mun
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174 AUSTRALASIA.Economic Coxiiition
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17C> AUSTRALASIA.them absolutely ;
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178 AUSTRALASIA.Java ranks next to
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180 AUSTRALASIA.these is the kapok
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182 AUSTRALASIA.raw sugars in excha
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184 AUSTRALASIA.quite recent founda
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LONDON. J, SVi\Telolvli Betoen^SU N
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TOPOGRAPHY OF JAVA. 185west of the
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LiotiARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of nUNOIS.
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188 AUSTRALASIA.estuai-y accessible
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190 AUSTRALASIA.affluent of the Sol
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192 AUSTEALASIA.The ruins of the Hi
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TOPOGHAPHY OF JA^'A. 193remains of
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ADinNISTEATION OF JAVA. 195for the
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BALI. 197all rapacious beasts, exce
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BALI. 199Public instruction stands
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LOMBOK. 201A table of all the provi
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LOMBOK.—SUMBAWA. 203Mataram, the
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SUMBAWA. 205these debris represente
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FLOEES. 207tain is at present quies
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SUMBA. 209entirely of limestone cli
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TIMOR. 211fourteentli century, and
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TnroE. 213vegetable zones of the Su
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TIMOR. 215fall asleep, and are not
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—TENIin?EE. 217On the other hand
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CELEBES.»219praus, which are expor
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[ 1—iiCELEBES. 221wLicb, however,
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CELEBES.223reaclnug the sea.Thus th
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—CELEBES. 226cultured coastlauder
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CELEBES. 227Topography ofCelebes.Th
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LISRARVOF THEUNlVERSlTy of ILLINOIS
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230 AtrSTEAlASIA.reefs appearing ab
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232 AUSTRALASIA.Guinea. Those of Bu
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—THE SOUTHERN MOLUCCAS. 238region
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iMPiMliBiiiiiiSliS
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—THE SOUTHEEN MOLUCCAS. 285with t
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THE NORTHERN MOLUCCAS. 237Tlie Xort
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THE NORTHEEX MOLUCCAS. 289Nearly al
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THE NOETHEllX MOLUCCAS. 241The capi
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;CHAPTEE IV.THE PHILIPPINES.HE term
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THE PIIILIPriXKS. 245ridge is also
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILUNOIS1
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248 AUSTRALASIA.whose slopes occupy
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250 AUSTBAI.ASIA.to its modified en
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252 AUSTRALASIA.60 miles from its m
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lyilABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES. 25
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some places, and especially Luzon,
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—IXHABITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
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INHABITANTS OP THE rillLlITINES. 25
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IXITAF.ITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES.2f
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LiBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITYefliLlNOIS.
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;264 AUSTRATiASIA.occupies ono of t
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260 AITSTEALASIA.two miles from eac
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'268 AUSTRALASIA.populous member of
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270 AUSTRALASIA.Administratioxof th
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—272 AUSTRALASL^.and its iraportu
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—CHAPTER V.MICKONESIA.I.The Maria
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;270 AUSTRALASIA.Exposed during the
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—THE MAEIANAS. 277although baptis
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THE PELEW ISLAISTDS. 279together, a
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THE CAEOLIXES. 281Eocha readied the
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THE CAEOLIXES. 283also affords shel
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THE CAEOLES'ES 285purchase hatcliet
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THE CAEOLINES. 287tions associated
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—EASTERN MiCEONESIA. 289times eve
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EASTERN MICEOXESIA. 291by breezes f
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CHAPTER VI.NEW GUINEA AND ADJACENT
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NKW GUINEA. 295the great island ass
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF NEW GUINEA. 29
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—rrTTSIC.\L FEATUEES OP NEW GITIN
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—CLIMATE OF NEW GUINEA. 801windin
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FAUNA OF NEW GUINEA. 303these are r
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LIBRARYOF THEIKIVERSITYoflLUNOlS.i
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806 AUSTRALASIA.out ever founaering
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H08AUSTRALASIA.frequented market in
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310 AUSTRALASIA.Along the whole of
Page 380 and 381:
812 AUSTRALASIA.time of the discove
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314 AUSTEALASIA."palace," barracks,
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misAUSTRALASIA." Monsieur," as they
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—CHAPTER VII.MELANESIA.LL the isl
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3iOAUSTRALASIA.Hermit and Admiralty
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822 AUSTEALASIA.central part of the
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324 AUSTEALASIAPolynesian are inter
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NOETH MELA^ÊSIA. 325Maklaj' to the
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NORTH MELANESIA. 327As a rule the s
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NOKTH MELANESIA. 329west, and which
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—SAXTA-C'RUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 331
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SAXTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 833Clim
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SANTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBEIDES. 335inla
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—FREXCH MELANESIA. 387remarkably
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—FRENCH MELANESIA. 339In New Cale
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FRENCH MELANESIA. 341brooks apiêar
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—FEEXC'II MELANEf^FA.343Imiaiutan
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FRENCH MELANESIA.3i580 many clans,
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLlNGi.
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—348 AUSTRALASIA.New Ciik'clonia
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850 AUSTRALASIA.the surrounding far
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CHAPTER VIII.AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA
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AUSTRALIATASMAr
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AUSTRALIA. .353alluvial plains, dee
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—EXPLORATION OF AUSTEALIA. 355isl
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—EXPLORATIOX OF AUSTE.ILIA. 357Th
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THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS. 859which lie w
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LIBRARYOF THEINIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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362 AUSTEALASIA.heat and cold, wind
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3G1AUSTRALASIA.from shoals, begins
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366 AUSTRALASIA.notwithstanding the
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3(J8 AUSTRALASIA.islands ;at anotli
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870 AUSTRALASIA.regions. Neverthele
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872 AUSTRALASIA.The splendour and e
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37iAUSTEALASIA.least three-fourths
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876 AUSTRALASIA.resembled the Malay
Page 456 and 457:
;378 AUSTEALASIA.Australian languag
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—380 AUSTRALASIA.The most charact
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B82AUSTRiVLASIA.towards the rising
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—884 AUSTRALASIA.progress of Chri
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—886 AUSTRALASIA.year to ye:ir th
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338 AUSTRAIASIA.respect even bffore
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SCOAUSTRALASIA.limited uuuiber of w
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392 AUSTRALASIA.the colonief? with
Page 472 and 473:
391 AUSTRALASIA.was adequately repr
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—390 AUSTRALASIA.spaces from the
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;898•AUSTRALASIA.were discovered
Page 478 and 479:
—400 AUSTRALASIA.where is coiitre
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—402 AUSTRALASLV.to the prosperit
Page 482 and 483:
404 AUSTRALASIA.1859. But altliougt
Page 484 and 485:
-100 AUSTRALASIA.2fari/boroi(gh occ
Page 486 and 487:
;408 AUSTRALASIA.development o£ th
Page 488 and 489:
L13RASYOF THE
Page 490 and 491:
SYDNEYA^C to IGfe*T. !atc3:f*LONDON
Page 492 and 493:
LiSRARYOF THEiVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
Page 494 and 495:
;410 AUSTRALASIA.clearing at the ex
Page 496 and 497:
412 AUSTRALASIA.most densely people
Page 498:
411 AUSTRALASIA.Norfolk, over five
Page 501 and 502:
VICTOEIA. 415place of little import
Page 504 and 505:
LI3RAKVOF THEUNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 506:
418 AUSTRALASIA.precious metal. Sin
Page 509 and 510:
TASMANIA. 419about a reaction, and
Page 512 and 513:
LIBRARYOF THEJNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 514 and 515:
422•AUSTRALASIA.Pahiii, and which
Page 516 and 517:
424 AUSTRALASIA.brian pouinsula, wb
Page 518:
—'42GAUSTEAI.ASIA.On the west sid
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NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 427by t
Page 523 and 524:
—NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 429i
Page 525 and 526:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 431K;ii
Page 527 and 528:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 433is 1
Page 530 and 531:
LIBRARYOF THE'INIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 532 and 533:
43GAUSTE.VLASIA.siijjpbire tints of
Page 534 and 535:
438 AUSTEALASIA.disappear as if by
Page 536 and 537:
440 AUSTRALASIA.and tailless, of wh
Page 538 and 539:
442 AUSTRAT.ASIA.warlike expedition
Page 540 and 541:
444 AUSTEALASIA.two tribes in 1884.
Page 542 and 543:
446 AUSTRALASIA.Nevertheless, tiiia
Page 544 and 545:
U8AUSTllALASIA.Topography of New Zk
Page 546 and 547:
450 AUSTEALASIA.to navigation.Thank
Page 548:
452 AUSTRALASIA.very remarkable col
Page 551 and 552:
TorOGRAPHT OF NEW ZEALAND. 453the e
Page 553 and 554:
NEW ZEALAND.—ADJACENT ISLANDS. 45
Page 555:
LISRAKVOF THEUNlVERSITVofllLlNOiS
Page 559 and 560:
CIIArTER X.TIIK FIJI ISLANDS.1
Page 561 and 562:
FIJI. 459from Vanua-Levu by the nar
Page 563 and 564:
FIJI.IGleven with the gods, making
Page 565 and 566:
FIJI.4G3raw. He also amused himself
Page 568 and 569:
LIBRARYOF THEDIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 570 and 571:
CHAPTER XLEQUATORIAL POLYNESIA.'OLY
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—4G8AUSTRALASIA.the last Polj'nes
Page 574 and 575:
470 AUSTEALASIA.Samoa, -wliich is r
Page 576 and 577:
—472 AUSTRALASIA.tropical vegetat
Page 579 and 580:
EQUATORIAL POLYXESIA. 473zone of pl
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EQUATOEIAJ. POLTNESIx\.. 475pletel}
Page 583 and 584:
EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 477covering t
Page 585 and 586:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 479supreme
Page 587 and 588:
, , 1EQUATOEIAL POLTXE-IA. 481tions
Page 589 and 590:
EQUATOELVI. POLYXESIA. 483changes o
Page 591 and 592:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 485The who
Page 594 and 595:
LiSRARYOF THEJNlVERSlTYofttLlNOtS,i
Page 596 and 597:
—483 AUSTR.VLASIA.the gi-adual an
Page 598 and 599:
—400 AUSTRALASIA.for the highest
Page 600 and 601:
—402 AIISTRATiASIA.islets, whicli
Page 602 and 603:
494 AUSTRALASIA.in Honolulu, whore,
Page 604:
4'JGAUSTEAIjASIA.Anglicans, Metliod
Page 607 and 608:
HAWAH. 497a province of the great r
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 499Riouw and Lingga Archi
Page 611 and 612:
—ArrENDix. 501NoETHEEX Moluccas :
Page 613 and 614:
APPENDIX.Anibrym......-.Vate (Sandw
Page 615 and 616:
INDEX.Abang Volcano, 196Abong-Abons
Page 617 and 618:
INDEX. 507Deli Town, 96, 113Demak,
Page 619 and 620:
4INDEX. 509Malu Mountain, 124Mamauu
Page 621 and 622:
'INDEX. 511Salak Mountain, 151, 1S2
Page 626:
UNIVERSITY OF I1-UNOI3-URBANA
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