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—294 AUSTRALASIA.Medici mentions the existence of a very extensive region stretching east of theMoluccas, and the reference was probably to Papuasia. But most historiansattribute its actual discovery, or at least that of some of its contiguous islands, tothe Portuguese Jorge de Menezes. The " good haven of Versiya," where thisnavigator wintered in 1526-27, was perhaps the present Warsai, near the northwestextremity of the mainland. But, however this be, there can be no doubt as tothe direction followed by Menezes's immediate successor, the Spaniard Alvaro deSaavedra. In 1528 this explorer cast anchor near an " island of gold," which seemsto be one of those situated in Geelvink Bay, and the following year he coasted aland south of the equator, which extended south-eastwards across several degreesof longitude, and which was certainly the New Guinea seaboard. Sixteen yearslater Retis gave this region the name it now bears, and took jôssession of it forFig. 129.Chief Exploeations on the Coasts and in the Interioe of New Guinea.Scale 1 : 24,000,000.h?jsb oF Greenthe Spanish crown. At that time, however, it was still uncertain whether it wasan island or a part of the <strong>Australasia</strong>n mainland. Doubtless some charts datingfrom the sixteenth century already represent Papuasia as an island ; but on others,notably that of Valentijn, prepared in the eighteenth century, it still figures as apart of Australia.Yet its insular character had already been practically demonstrated in 1G06 bythe Spanish pilot, Torres, who had penetrated into the dangerous strait namedfrom him, and who had at the same time surveyed the south coast of New Guinea.But this discovery, carefully concealed as a state secret in the archives of Manilla,had at last been forgotten by the Spaniards themselves.It was again brought tolight, however, by Dalrymplc during the temporary occupation of Manilla by theEngli.sh in 17(i2 ; and in 1770, Cook, resuming the itinerary of the Spanish navigator,traversed the strait which he supposed he was the first to visit. Henceforth
NKW GUINEA. 295the great island assumed on the charts a form somewhat approaching- its real outlines..mm jrDuring the interval, various parts of the seaboard had been coasted by other
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OF THE•JNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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^5 \onrNTED BY J. S. VI'iTUR AND CO
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•ivCONTENTS.CHAP.VI. New Guinea a
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: . . .LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LISTOF
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1*1— ii'^ ixB- , a.•'-'\\• '
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2 AUSTEALASIA.great oceanic depress
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4 AUSTRALAMA.Sumatra to Tasmania, a
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OCEANIC EXPLOEATION. 7110 less than
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LIBRARYOF THEMNIVEftSITYofltUNOlS.
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10 AUSTEALASIA.group discovered by
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12 AUSTEALASIA.as a god, but soon a
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14 AUSTRALASIA.where he'came close
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IGAUSTRALASIA.enterprise the seriou
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18 AUSTEALARIA.,few hundred fathoms
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20 AUSTRALASIA.everywhere a clay fo
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OCEANIC AEEIAL CUEEEXTS. 21ing as t
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M-VEIXE CUBEEXTS. 23of the conflict
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MARINE CUREKXTS. 25consequently rel
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DIUFT ICE. 27drifting northwards wi
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VOLCANIC AGEXCIES. 29Ze;ilanrl, com
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CORALLINE FORMATIONS. 31sequently i
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CORAL FORMATIONS. 83so the reef con
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# .^1'.' k
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OCE.\KIC FLOEA. 35than a hundred di
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OCEANIC FAUNA. 37Old World except i
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INHABITANTS OF THE OCEANIC REGIONS.
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THE M/\.SCAEENHAS. 41in winter, and
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MAUEITIUS. 4:3swept away seventy-tw
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h•, J
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MAUEITITTS. 45aloe fibre, and cocoa
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EEUNIOX. 47highest point of the isl
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4t>*«#. .^,#^
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REUNION. 49standing its fertility,
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
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52 AUSTEALAPTA.Galets, St. Denis, t
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54 AUSTEAI.ASIAoa the banks of Rodr
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5CAUSTRALASIA.are the cocoanut palm
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58 AUSTEAT-ASIA.and Athens in the n
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,i
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60 AUSTRALASIA.buffeted by fierce g
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62 AUSTRALASIA.Formerly the island
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CHAPTER III.HE EASTEEN ARCHIPELAGO
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IXDONESIA.6SI.ndo-Malaya andAustro-
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INDONESIA.G7and their conquests hav
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IXDONESIA. 69fortune * some years a
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FLORA OF I>rDONT:SIA. 71whole of ll
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FAUNA OF IXDOXESIA. 73the other isl
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FAUXA OF INDONESIA. 75At the same t
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IXHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 77In the
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INHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 79black,
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SUMATRA. 81The Siimatran mountain s
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SUMATRAN HIGHLAXDS. 83wealth of the
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SUMATEAN HIGHLANDS. 85chasm visited
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onKEAKATAU. 87Krakai'au.Till recent
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KEAKATAU. 89ashes and pumice was es
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SUMATRAN ElYERS. 91alluvial lands a
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SUMATEAN ISLANDS. 93to the west the
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IXHABITAXTS OF SUMATRA. 95camphor,
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'.=INHABITANTS OF SUMATEA. 97dant h
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IXUAEIT.VXTS OF SUMATRA. 99The lang
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IXHABITANTS OP SUMATRA. 101On the d
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IN'HABITANTS OF SUMATRA. 103neighbo
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INHABITANTS OF SUJIATRA. 105all spe
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TOPOGRAPHY OF SUMATRA. 107thousand
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TOPOGEAPIIY OP SUMATRA 109about £6
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TOPOGEAPHY OF SUMATRA.Illlocal sayi
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LlSfiARYOF THEiNIVERSITV of ILLINOI
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114 AUSTRALASIA.contribute to swell
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noAUSTRALASIA.coast. Belonging geol
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118 AUSTEALASIA.not disposed in rid
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120 AUSTRALASIA.same geological for
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122 AUSTEALASIA.Permanent European
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124 AUSTRALASIA.ubruptly, the pass
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] 20 AUSTRALASIA.Several ofthe summ
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128 AUSTRALASIA.gradually diminisli
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130 AUSTEiiLASIA.Kiijang, the ScbuT
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182 AUSTRALASIA.and rosins. On the
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134 AUSTRALASIA.The great bulk of t
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136 AUSTRALASIA.people in the whole
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ILIBRARYOF THE'NIVERSITV of ILLINOI
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133 AUSTBAIASIA.Dajâks, and toward
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InoAUSTRM.ASIA.and backwaters. Here
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142 AUSTRALASIA.The little port of
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144 AUSTRALASIA.Labuan.At the time
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146 AUSTRALASIA.annual surplus devo
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118 AUSTEALASLV.mouth of the Kina-B
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150 AUSTRALASIA.north-westwards tow
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152 AUSTRALASIA.feet) was still act
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One of these volcanoes,the Malabar,
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15GAUSTRALASIA.ground caual which d
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158 AUSTRALASIA.the west. Neverthel
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160 AUSTRALASIA.The Arjuno chain is
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LIBRARYOF THEJNlVERSITYofltLlNOlS,
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162 AUSTRALASIA.crater, is encircle
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164 AUSTRALASIA.natural depression
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J1G(5 AUSTEALA8IA.about a Iniiulved
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•invading-J108 AUSTRALASIA.and to
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170 AUSTRALASIA.Javanese aborigines
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J]7-2 AUSTRALASIA,Although less mun
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174 AUSTRALASIA.Economic Coxiiition
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17C> AUSTRALASIA.them absolutely ;
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178 AUSTRALASIA.Java ranks next to
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180 AUSTRALASIA.these is the kapok
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182 AUSTRALASIA.raw sugars in excha
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184 AUSTRALASIA.quite recent founda
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LONDON. J, SVi\Telolvli Betoen^SU N
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TOPOGRAPHY OF JAVA. 185west of the
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LiotiARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of nUNOIS.
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188 AUSTRALASIA.estuai-y accessible
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190 AUSTRALASIA.affluent of the Sol
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192 AUSTEALASIA.The ruins of the Hi
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TOPOGHAPHY OF JA^'A. 193remains of
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ADinNISTEATION OF JAVA. 195for the
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BALI. 197all rapacious beasts, exce
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BALI. 199Public instruction stands
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LOMBOK. 201A table of all the provi
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LOMBOK.—SUMBAWA. 203Mataram, the
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SUMBAWA. 205these debris represente
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FLOEES. 207tain is at present quies
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SUMBA. 209entirely of limestone cli
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TIMOR. 211fourteentli century, and
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TnroE. 213vegetable zones of the Su
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TIMOR. 215fall asleep, and are not
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—TENIin?EE. 217On the other hand
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CELEBES.»219praus, which are expor
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[ 1—iiCELEBES. 221wLicb, however,
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CELEBES.223reaclnug the sea.Thus th
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—CELEBES. 226cultured coastlauder
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CELEBES. 227Topography ofCelebes.Th
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LISRARVOF THEUNlVERSlTy of ILLINOIS
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230 AtrSTEAlASIA.reefs appearing ab
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232 AUSTRALASIA.Guinea. Those of Bu
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—THE SOUTHERN MOLUCCAS. 238region
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iMPiMliBiiiiiiSliS
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—THE SOUTHEEN MOLUCCAS. 285with t
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THE NORTHERN MOLUCCAS. 237Tlie Xort
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THE NORTHEEX MOLUCCAS. 289Nearly al
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THE NOETHEllX MOLUCCAS. 241The capi
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;CHAPTEE IV.THE PHILIPPINES.HE term
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THE PIIILIPriXKS. 245ridge is also
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILUNOIS1
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248 AUSTRALASIA.whose slopes occupy
Page 310 and 311: 250 AUSTBAI.ASIA.to its modified en
Page 312: 252 AUSTRALASIA.60 miles from its m
Page 315 and 316: lyilABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES. 25
Page 317 and 318: some places, and especially Luzon,
Page 319 and 320: —IXHABITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
Page 321 and 322: INHABITANTS OP THE rillLlITINES. 25
Page 323 and 324: IXITAF.ITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES.2f
Page 326 and 327: LiBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITYefliLlNOIS.
Page 328 and 329: ;264 AUSTRATiASIA.occupies ono of t
Page 330 and 331: 260 AITSTEALASIA.two miles from eac
Page 332 and 333: '268 AUSTRALASIA.populous member of
Page 334 and 335: 270 AUSTRALASIA.Administratioxof th
Page 336 and 337: —272 AUSTRALASL^.and its iraportu
Page 338 and 339: —CHAPTER V.MICKONESIA.I.The Maria
Page 340: ;270 AUSTRALASIA.Exposed during the
Page 343 and 344: —THE MAEIANAS. 277although baptis
Page 345 and 346: THE PELEW ISLAISTDS. 279together, a
Page 347 and 348: THE CAEOLIXES. 281Eocha readied the
Page 349 and 350: THE CAEOLIXES. 283also affords shel
Page 351 and 352: THE CAEOLES'ES 285purchase hatcliet
Page 353 and 354: THE CAEOLINES. 287tions associated
Page 355 and 356: —EASTERN MiCEONESIA. 289times eve
Page 357 and 358: EASTERN MICEOXESIA. 291by breezes f
Page 359: CHAPTER VI.NEW GUINEA AND ADJACENT
Page 363 and 364: PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF NEW GUINEA. 29
Page 365 and 366: —rrTTSIC.\L FEATUEES OP NEW GITIN
Page 367 and 368: —CLIMATE OF NEW GUINEA. 801windin
Page 369 and 370: FAUNA OF NEW GUINEA. 303these are r
Page 372 and 373: LIBRARYOF THEIKIVERSITYoflLUNOlS.i
Page 374 and 375: 806 AUSTRALASIA.out ever founaering
Page 376 and 377: H08AUSTRALASIA.frequented market in
Page 378 and 379: 310 AUSTRALASIA.Along the whole of
Page 380 and 381: 812 AUSTRALASIA.time of the discove
Page 382 and 383: 314 AUSTEALASIA."palace," barracks,
Page 384 and 385: misAUSTRALASIA." Monsieur," as they
Page 386 and 387: —CHAPTER VII.MELANESIA.LL the isl
Page 388 and 389: 3iOAUSTRALASIA.Hermit and Admiralty
Page 390 and 391: 822 AUSTEALASIA.central part of the
Page 392: 324 AUSTEALASIAPolynesian are inter
Page 395 and 396: NOETH MELA^ÊSIA. 325Maklaj' to the
Page 397 and 398: NORTH MELANESIA. 327As a rule the s
Page 399 and 400: NOKTH MELANESIA. 329west, and which
Page 401 and 402: —SAXTA-C'RUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 331
Page 403 and 404: SAXTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 833Clim
Page 405 and 406: SANTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBEIDES. 335inla
Page 407 and 408: —FREXCH MELANESIA. 387remarkably
Page 409 and 410: —FRENCH MELANESIA. 339In New Cale
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FRENCH MELANESIA. 341brooks apiêar
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—FEEXC'II MELANEf^FA.343Imiaiutan
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FRENCH MELANESIA.3i580 many clans,
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLlNGi.
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—348 AUSTRALASIA.New Ciik'clonia
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850 AUSTRALASIA.the surrounding far
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CHAPTER VIII.AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA
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AUSTRALIATASMAr
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AUSTRALIA. .353alluvial plains, dee
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—EXPLORATION OF AUSTEALIA. 355isl
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—EXPLORATIOX OF AUSTE.ILIA. 357Th
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THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS. 859which lie w
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LIBRARYOF THEINIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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362 AUSTEALASIA.heat and cold, wind
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3G1AUSTRALASIA.from shoals, begins
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366 AUSTRALASIA.notwithstanding the
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3(J8 AUSTRALASIA.islands ;at anotli
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870 AUSTRALASIA.regions. Neverthele
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872 AUSTRALASIA.The splendour and e
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37iAUSTEALASIA.least three-fourths
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876 AUSTRALASIA.resembled the Malay
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;378 AUSTEALASIA.Australian languag
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—380 AUSTRALASIA.The most charact
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B82AUSTRiVLASIA.towards the rising
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—884 AUSTRALASIA.progress of Chri
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—886 AUSTRALASIA.year to ye:ir th
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338 AUSTRAIASIA.respect even bffore
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SCOAUSTRALASIA.limited uuuiber of w
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392 AUSTRALASIA.the colonief? with
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391 AUSTRALASIA.was adequately repr
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—390 AUSTRALASIA.spaces from the
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;898•AUSTRALASIA.were discovered
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—400 AUSTRALASIA.where is coiitre
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—402 AUSTRALASLV.to the prosperit
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404 AUSTRALASIA.1859. But altliougt
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-100 AUSTRALASIA.2fari/boroi(gh occ
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;408 AUSTRALASIA.development o£ th
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L13RASYOF THE
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SYDNEYA^C to IGfe*T. !atc3:f*LONDON
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LiSRARYOF THEiVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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;410 AUSTRALASIA.clearing at the ex
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412 AUSTRALASIA.most densely people
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411 AUSTRALASIA.Norfolk, over five
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VICTOEIA. 415place of little import
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LI3RAKVOF THEUNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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418 AUSTRALASIA.precious metal. Sin
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TASMANIA. 419about a reaction, and
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LIBRARYOF THEJNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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422•AUSTRALASIA.Pahiii, and which
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424 AUSTRALASIA.brian pouinsula, wb
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—'42GAUSTEAI.ASIA.On the west sid
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NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 427by t
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—NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 429i
Page 525 and 526:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 431K;ii
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NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 433is 1
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LIBRARYOF THE'INIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 532 and 533:
43GAUSTE.VLASIA.siijjpbire tints of
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438 AUSTEALASIA.disappear as if by
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440 AUSTRALASIA.and tailless, of wh
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442 AUSTRAT.ASIA.warlike expedition
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444 AUSTEALASIA.two tribes in 1884.
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446 AUSTRALASIA.Nevertheless, tiiia
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U8AUSTllALASIA.Topography of New Zk
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450 AUSTEALASIA.to navigation.Thank
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452 AUSTRALASIA.very remarkable col
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TorOGRAPHT OF NEW ZEALAND. 453the e
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NEW ZEALAND.—ADJACENT ISLANDS. 45
Page 555:
LISRAKVOF THEUNlVERSITVofllLlNOiS
Page 559 and 560:
CIIArTER X.TIIK FIJI ISLANDS.1
Page 561 and 562:
FIJI. 459from Vanua-Levu by the nar
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FIJI.IGleven with the gods, making
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FIJI.4G3raw. He also amused himself
Page 568 and 569:
LIBRARYOF THEDIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 570 and 571:
CHAPTER XLEQUATORIAL POLYNESIA.'OLY
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—4G8AUSTRALASIA.the last Polj'nes
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470 AUSTEALASIA.Samoa, -wliich is r
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—472 AUSTRALASIA.tropical vegetat
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EQUATORIAL POLYXESIA. 473zone of pl
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EQUATOEIAJ. POLTNESIx\.. 475pletel}
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EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 477covering t
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—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 479supreme
Page 587 and 588:
, , 1EQUATOEIAL POLTXE-IA. 481tions
Page 589 and 590:
EQUATOELVI. POLYXESIA. 483changes o
Page 591 and 592:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 485The who
Page 594 and 595:
LiSRARYOF THEJNlVERSlTYofttLlNOtS,i
Page 596 and 597:
—483 AUSTR.VLASIA.the gi-adual an
Page 598 and 599:
—400 AUSTRALASIA.for the highest
Page 600 and 601:
—402 AIISTRATiASIA.islets, whicli
Page 602 and 603:
494 AUSTRALASIA.in Honolulu, whore,
Page 604:
4'JGAUSTEAIjASIA.Anglicans, Metliod
Page 607 and 608:
HAWAH. 497a province of the great r
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 499Riouw and Lingga Archi
Page 611 and 612:
—ArrENDix. 501NoETHEEX Moluccas :
Page 613 and 614:
APPENDIX.Anibrym......-.Vate (Sandw
Page 615 and 616:
INDEX.Abang Volcano, 196Abong-Abons
Page 617 and 618:
INDEX. 507Deli Town, 96, 113Demak,
Page 619 and 620:
4INDEX. 509Malu Mountain, 124Mamauu
Page 621 and 622:
'INDEX. 511Salak Mountain, 151, 1S2
Page 626:
UNIVERSITY OF I1-UNOI3-URBANA
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