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152 AUSTRALASIA.feet) was still active in 1699, when streams of mud and sand were ejected in suchvast quantities that some of the neighbouring valleys were completely dammed upand converted into temporary lakes. The main line of the Javanese railway systempasses along the east foot of Salak, here crossing the Tjitjurug pass at a heightof 1,700 foet.East of this pass follow the far loftier cones of Gede, or the " Great " (9,800feet), which gives its name to a whole group, and the neighbouring Mandala-Wangi, which exceeds it by 200 feet.The Gede, properly so culled, has frequentlyFig. 58.—GrEDE Volcano.Snale 1 : 80,000.ejected scoriaB, and from its breached crater, about 4,000 feet in circumference, jetsof vapour are still emitted ; sulphur is also deposited on the encircling walls, whilecopious thermal streams flow from the flanks of the mountain. Gede is connectedby a narrow ridge with another and far larger crater, which from the Sala wall onthe south to Panggerango on the north side has a circuit of about two and a halfmiles. It is wooded to the summit, terminating in an inclined terrace, whencenumerous rivulets rapidly converge in a broad stream, which was till recentlyvisited by the rhinoceros. From this terrace, the highest point of observation in
JAVA. 153West Java, a panoramic view is commauded of both seas, with the intervening hillsand plains, forests, villages, and surrounding plantations.South of the Gede highlands the tertiary rocks, limestones, clays, and sandstonesattain their greatest development. Nearly everywhere carved into steep cliffs800 to 1,000 feet high, these white and yellowish formations rise in the Breng-Brcng Peak to an altitude of over 6,500 feet. But farther east they disappearbeneath the talus of scoriaj and lava streams of the Patuha volcano (7,800 feet).
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:y£.:^ >M'%m
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OF THE•JNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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^5 \onrNTED BY J. S. VI'iTUR AND CO
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•ivCONTENTS.CHAP.VI. New Guinea a
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: . . .LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LISTOF
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1*1— ii'^ ixB- , a.•'-'\\• '
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2 AUSTEALASIA.great oceanic depress
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4 AUSTRALAMA.Sumatra to Tasmania, a
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OCEANIC EXPLOEATION. 7110 less than
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LIBRARYOF THEMNIVEftSITYofltUNOlS.
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10 AUSTEALASIA.group discovered by
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12 AUSTEALASIA.as a god, but soon a
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14 AUSTRALASIA.where he'came close
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IGAUSTRALASIA.enterprise the seriou
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18 AUSTEALARIA.,few hundred fathoms
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20 AUSTRALASIA.everywhere a clay fo
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OCEANIC AEEIAL CUEEEXTS. 21ing as t
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M-VEIXE CUBEEXTS. 23of the conflict
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MARINE CUREKXTS. 25consequently rel
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DIUFT ICE. 27drifting northwards wi
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VOLCANIC AGEXCIES. 29Ze;ilanrl, com
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CORALLINE FORMATIONS. 31sequently i
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CORAL FORMATIONS. 83so the reef con
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# .^1'.' k
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OCE.\KIC FLOEA. 35than a hundred di
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OCEANIC FAUNA. 37Old World except i
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INHABITANTS OF THE OCEANIC REGIONS.
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THE M/\.SCAEENHAS. 41in winter, and
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MAUEITIUS. 4:3swept away seventy-tw
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h•, J
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MAUEITITTS. 45aloe fibre, and cocoa
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EEUNIOX. 47highest point of the isl
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4t>*«#. .^,#^
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REUNION. 49standing its fertility,
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
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52 AUSTEALAPTA.Galets, St. Denis, t
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54 AUSTEAI.ASIAoa the banks of Rodr
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5CAUSTRALASIA.are the cocoanut palm
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58 AUSTEAT-ASIA.and Athens in the n
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,i
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60 AUSTRALASIA.buffeted by fierce g
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62 AUSTRALASIA.Formerly the island
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CHAPTER III.HE EASTEEN ARCHIPELAGO
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IXDONESIA.6SI.ndo-Malaya andAustro-
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INDONESIA.G7and their conquests hav
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IXDONESIA. 69fortune * some years a
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FLORA OF I>rDONT:SIA. 71whole of ll
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FAUNA OF IXDOXESIA. 73the other isl
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FAUXA OF INDONESIA. 75At the same t
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IXHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 77In the
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INHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 79black,
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SUMATRA. 81The Siimatran mountain s
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SUMATRAN HIGHLAXDS. 83wealth of the
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SUMATEAN HIGHLANDS. 85chasm visited
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onKEAKATAU. 87Krakai'au.Till recent
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KEAKATAU. 89ashes and pumice was es
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SUMATRAN ElYERS. 91alluvial lands a
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SUMATEAN ISLANDS. 93to the west the
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IXHABITAXTS OF SUMATRA. 95camphor,
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'.=INHABITANTS OF SUMATEA. 97dant h
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IXUAEIT.VXTS OF SUMATRA. 99The lang
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IXHABITANTS OP SUMATRA. 101On the d
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IN'HABITANTS OF SUMATRA. 103neighbo
Page 141 and 142: INHABITANTS OF SUJIATRA. 105all spe
Page 143 and 144: TOPOGRAPHY OF SUMATRA. 107thousand
Page 145 and 146: TOPOGEAPIIY OP SUMATRA 109about £6
Page 147 and 148: TOPOGEAPHY OF SUMATRA.Illlocal sayi
Page 150 and 151: LlSfiARYOF THEiNIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 152 and 153: 114 AUSTRALASIA.contribute to swell
Page 154 and 155: noAUSTRALASIA.coast. Belonging geol
Page 156 and 157: 118 AUSTEALASIA.not disposed in rid
Page 158 and 159: 120 AUSTRALASIA.same geological for
Page 160 and 161: 122 AUSTEALASIA.Permanent European
Page 162 and 163: 124 AUSTRALASIA.ubruptly, the pass
Page 164 and 165: ] 20 AUSTRALASIA.Several ofthe summ
Page 166 and 167: 128 AUSTRALASIA.gradually diminisli
Page 168 and 169: 130 AUSTEiiLASIA.Kiijang, the ScbuT
Page 170 and 171: 182 AUSTRALASIA.and rosins. On the
Page 172 and 173: 134 AUSTRALASIA.The great bulk of t
Page 174 and 175: 136 AUSTRALASIA.people in the whole
Page 176 and 177: ILIBRARYOF THE'NIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 178 and 179: 133 AUSTBAIASIA.Dajâks, and toward
Page 180 and 181: InoAUSTRM.ASIA.and backwaters. Here
Page 182 and 183: 142 AUSTRALASIA.The little port of
Page 184 and 185: 144 AUSTRALASIA.Labuan.At the time
Page 186 and 187: 146 AUSTRALASIA.annual surplus devo
Page 188 and 189: 118 AUSTEALASLV.mouth of the Kina-B
Page 190 and 191: 150 AUSTRALASIA.north-westwards tow
Page 194 and 195: One of these volcanoes,the Malabar,
Page 196 and 197: 15GAUSTRALASIA.ground caual which d
Page 198 and 199: 158 AUSTRALASIA.the west. Neverthel
Page 200 and 201: 160 AUSTRALASIA.The Arjuno chain is
Page 202 and 203: LIBRARYOF THEJNlVERSITYofltLlNOlS,
Page 204 and 205: 162 AUSTRALASIA.crater, is encircle
Page 206 and 207: 164 AUSTRALASIA.natural depression
Page 208 and 209: J1G(5 AUSTEALA8IA.about a Iniiulved
Page 210 and 211: •invading-J108 AUSTRALASIA.and to
Page 212 and 213: 170 AUSTRALASIA.Javanese aborigines
Page 214 and 215: J]7-2 AUSTRALASIA,Although less mun
Page 216 and 217: 174 AUSTRALASIA.Economic Coxiiition
Page 218 and 219: 17C> AUSTRALASIA.them absolutely ;
Page 220 and 221: 178 AUSTRALASIA.Java ranks next to
Page 222 and 223: 180 AUSTRALASIA.these is the kapok
Page 224: 182 AUSTRALASIA.raw sugars in excha
Page 228 and 229: 184 AUSTRALASIA.quite recent founda
Page 230 and 231: LONDON. J, SVi\Telolvli Betoen^SU N
Page 233 and 234: TOPOGRAPHY OF JAVA. 185west of the
Page 236 and 237: LiotiARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of nUNOIS.
Page 238 and 239: 188 AUSTRALASIA.estuai-y accessible
Page 240 and 241: 190 AUSTRALASIA.affluent of the Sol
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192 AUSTEALASIA.The ruins of the Hi
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TOPOGHAPHY OF JA^'A. 193remains of
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ADinNISTEATION OF JAVA. 195for the
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BALI. 197all rapacious beasts, exce
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BALI. 199Public instruction stands
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LOMBOK. 201A table of all the provi
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LOMBOK.—SUMBAWA. 203Mataram, the
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SUMBAWA. 205these debris represente
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FLOEES. 207tain is at present quies
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SUMBA. 209entirely of limestone cli
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TIMOR. 211fourteentli century, and
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TnroE. 213vegetable zones of the Su
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TIMOR. 215fall asleep, and are not
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—TENIin?EE. 217On the other hand
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CELEBES.»219praus, which are expor
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[ 1—iiCELEBES. 221wLicb, however,
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CELEBES.223reaclnug the sea.Thus th
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—CELEBES. 226cultured coastlauder
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CELEBES. 227Topography ofCelebes.Th
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LISRARVOF THEUNlVERSlTy of ILLINOIS
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230 AtrSTEAlASIA.reefs appearing ab
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232 AUSTRALASIA.Guinea. Those of Bu
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—THE SOUTHERN MOLUCCAS. 238region
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iMPiMliBiiiiiiSliS
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—THE SOUTHEEN MOLUCCAS. 285with t
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THE NORTHERN MOLUCCAS. 237Tlie Xort
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THE NORTHEEX MOLUCCAS. 289Nearly al
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THE NOETHEllX MOLUCCAS. 241The capi
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;CHAPTEE IV.THE PHILIPPINES.HE term
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THE PIIILIPriXKS. 245ridge is also
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILUNOIS1
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248 AUSTRALASIA.whose slopes occupy
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250 AUSTBAI.ASIA.to its modified en
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252 AUSTRALASIA.60 miles from its m
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lyilABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES. 25
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some places, and especially Luzon,
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—IXHABITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
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INHABITANTS OP THE rillLlITINES. 25
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IXITAF.ITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES.2f
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LiBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITYefliLlNOIS.
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;264 AUSTRATiASIA.occupies ono of t
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260 AITSTEALASIA.two miles from eac
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'268 AUSTRALASIA.populous member of
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270 AUSTRALASIA.Administratioxof th
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—272 AUSTRALASL^.and its iraportu
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—CHAPTER V.MICKONESIA.I.The Maria
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;270 AUSTRALASIA.Exposed during the
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—THE MAEIANAS. 277although baptis
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THE PELEW ISLAISTDS. 279together, a
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THE CAEOLIXES. 281Eocha readied the
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THE CAEOLIXES. 283also affords shel
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THE CAEOLES'ES 285purchase hatcliet
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THE CAEOLINES. 287tions associated
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—EASTERN MiCEONESIA. 289times eve
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EASTERN MICEOXESIA. 291by breezes f
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CHAPTER VI.NEW GUINEA AND ADJACENT
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NKW GUINEA. 295the great island ass
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF NEW GUINEA. 29
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—rrTTSIC.\L FEATUEES OP NEW GITIN
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—CLIMATE OF NEW GUINEA. 801windin
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FAUNA OF NEW GUINEA. 303these are r
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LIBRARYOF THEIKIVERSITYoflLUNOlS.i
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806 AUSTRALASIA.out ever founaering
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H08AUSTRALASIA.frequented market in
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310 AUSTRALASIA.Along the whole of
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812 AUSTRALASIA.time of the discove
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314 AUSTEALASIA."palace," barracks,
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misAUSTRALASIA." Monsieur," as they
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—CHAPTER VII.MELANESIA.LL the isl
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3iOAUSTRALASIA.Hermit and Admiralty
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822 AUSTEALASIA.central part of the
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324 AUSTEALASIAPolynesian are inter
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NOETH MELA^ÊSIA. 325Maklaj' to the
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NORTH MELANESIA. 327As a rule the s
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NOKTH MELANESIA. 329west, and which
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—SAXTA-C'RUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 331
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SAXTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 833Clim
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SANTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBEIDES. 335inla
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—FREXCH MELANESIA. 387remarkably
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—FRENCH MELANESIA. 339In New Cale
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FRENCH MELANESIA. 341brooks apiêar
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—FEEXC'II MELANEf^FA.343Imiaiutan
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FRENCH MELANESIA.3i580 many clans,
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLlNGi.
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—348 AUSTRALASIA.New Ciik'clonia
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850 AUSTRALASIA.the surrounding far
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CHAPTER VIII.AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA
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AUSTRALIATASMAr
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AUSTRALIA. .353alluvial plains, dee
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—EXPLORATION OF AUSTEALIA. 355isl
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—EXPLORATIOX OF AUSTE.ILIA. 357Th
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THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS. 859which lie w
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LIBRARYOF THEINIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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362 AUSTEALASIA.heat and cold, wind
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3G1AUSTRALASIA.from shoals, begins
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366 AUSTRALASIA.notwithstanding the
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3(J8 AUSTRALASIA.islands ;at anotli
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870 AUSTRALASIA.regions. Neverthele
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872 AUSTRALASIA.The splendour and e
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37iAUSTEALASIA.least three-fourths
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876 AUSTRALASIA.resembled the Malay
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;378 AUSTEALASIA.Australian languag
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—380 AUSTRALASIA.The most charact
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B82AUSTRiVLASIA.towards the rising
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—884 AUSTRALASIA.progress of Chri
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—886 AUSTRALASIA.year to ye:ir th
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338 AUSTRAIASIA.respect even bffore
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SCOAUSTRALASIA.limited uuuiber of w
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392 AUSTRALASIA.the colonief? with
Page 472 and 473:
391 AUSTRALASIA.was adequately repr
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—390 AUSTRALASIA.spaces from the
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;898•AUSTRALASIA.were discovered
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—400 AUSTRALASIA.where is coiitre
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—402 AUSTRALASLV.to the prosperit
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404 AUSTRALASIA.1859. But altliougt
Page 484 and 485:
-100 AUSTRALASIA.2fari/boroi(gh occ
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;408 AUSTRALASIA.development o£ th
Page 488 and 489:
L13RASYOF THE
Page 490 and 491:
SYDNEYA^C to IGfe*T. !atc3:f*LONDON
Page 492 and 493:
LiSRARYOF THEiVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
Page 494 and 495:
;410 AUSTRALASIA.clearing at the ex
Page 496 and 497:
412 AUSTRALASIA.most densely people
Page 498:
411 AUSTRALASIA.Norfolk, over five
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VICTOEIA. 415place of little import
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LI3RAKVOF THEUNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 506:
418 AUSTRALASIA.precious metal. Sin
Page 509 and 510:
TASMANIA. 419about a reaction, and
Page 512 and 513:
LIBRARYOF THEJNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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422•AUSTRALASIA.Pahiii, and which
Page 516 and 517:
424 AUSTRALASIA.brian pouinsula, wb
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—'42GAUSTEAI.ASIA.On the west sid
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NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 427by t
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—NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 429i
Page 525 and 526:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 431K;ii
Page 527 and 528:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 433is 1
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LIBRARYOF THE'INIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 532 and 533:
43GAUSTE.VLASIA.siijjpbire tints of
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438 AUSTEALASIA.disappear as if by
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440 AUSTRALASIA.and tailless, of wh
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442 AUSTRAT.ASIA.warlike expedition
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444 AUSTEALASIA.two tribes in 1884.
Page 542 and 543:
446 AUSTRALASIA.Nevertheless, tiiia
Page 544 and 545:
U8AUSTllALASIA.Topography of New Zk
Page 546 and 547:
450 AUSTEALASIA.to navigation.Thank
Page 548:
452 AUSTRALASIA.very remarkable col
Page 551 and 552:
TorOGRAPHT OF NEW ZEALAND. 453the e
Page 553 and 554:
NEW ZEALAND.—ADJACENT ISLANDS. 45
Page 555:
LISRAKVOF THEUNlVERSITVofllLlNOiS
Page 559 and 560:
CIIArTER X.TIIK FIJI ISLANDS.1
Page 561 and 562:
FIJI. 459from Vanua-Levu by the nar
Page 563 and 564:
FIJI.IGleven with the gods, making
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FIJI.4G3raw. He also amused himself
Page 568 and 569:
LIBRARYOF THEDIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 570 and 571:
CHAPTER XLEQUATORIAL POLYNESIA.'OLY
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—4G8AUSTRALASIA.the last Polj'nes
Page 574 and 575:
470 AUSTEALASIA.Samoa, -wliich is r
Page 576 and 577:
—472 AUSTRALASIA.tropical vegetat
Page 579 and 580:
EQUATORIAL POLYXESIA. 473zone of pl
Page 581 and 582:
EQUATOEIAJ. POLTNESIx\.. 475pletel}
Page 583 and 584:
EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 477covering t
Page 585 and 586:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 479supreme
Page 587 and 588:
, , 1EQUATOEIAL POLTXE-IA. 481tions
Page 589 and 590:
EQUATOELVI. POLYXESIA. 483changes o
Page 591 and 592:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 485The who
Page 594 and 595:
LiSRARYOF THEJNlVERSlTYofttLlNOtS,i
Page 596 and 597:
—483 AUSTR.VLASIA.the gi-adual an
Page 598 and 599:
—400 AUSTRALASIA.for the highest
Page 600 and 601:
—402 AIISTRATiASIA.islets, whicli
Page 602 and 603:
494 AUSTRALASIA.in Honolulu, whore,
Page 604:
4'JGAUSTEAIjASIA.Anglicans, Metliod
Page 607 and 608:
HAWAH. 497a province of the great r
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 499Riouw and Lingga Archi
Page 611 and 612:
—ArrENDix. 501NoETHEEX Moluccas :
Page 613 and 614:
APPENDIX.Anibrym......-.Vate (Sandw
Page 615 and 616:
INDEX.Abang Volcano, 196Abong-Abons
Page 617 and 618:
INDEX. 507Deli Town, 96, 113Demak,
Page 619 and 620:
4INDEX. 509Malu Mountain, 124Mamauu
Page 621 and 622:
'INDEX. 511Salak Mountain, 151, 1S2
Page 626:
UNIVERSITY OF I1-UNOI3-URBANA
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