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3G1AUSTRALASIA.from shoals, begins the true " Coral Sea," which is studded, not with rockyheights, but only with a dangerous^ labyrinth of coralline masses, and which takenas a whole may be compared to a long submarine bank gradually falling eastwardsto a mean depth of 20 fathoms. Ilere is the true coastline of the Australiancontinent, and as happens on so many other upraised or submerged seaboards, theparting line between the continental plateau and the abysmal depths of the PacificOcean is marked by an igneous chain. The volcanoes, however, of the Coral Seahave all become extinct during the present geological epoch, and none of themare of any considerable size, the largest being Murray Island, which lies withinthe zone of the Great Barrier Reef. Although so near the Australian mainlandFig.157.—ToEEES SiiiAiT.Scale 1 : 7,750,000.of which it is a geological dependence, this island is distinguished from it by itsvegetation. The beach and even the lower slopes of the hills, which rise to aheight of 600 or 700 feet, are clothed with a continuous forest of cocoanut palms,trees which all travellers assure us were not found in Australia before the arrivalof the European immigrants.The rampart of reefs forming the outer coastline of Queensland and connectingAustralia with New Guinea has a total development of no less than 1,500 miles,without counting minor indentations. It begins at Cape Sandy, where the mainlandprojects seawards off the convex curve of the east coarst, and is at first interruptedby broad straits ; but the rocks and shoals soon press closer together, andat last merge in a continuous barrier presenting but few openings accessible to
—THE GREAT BAEEIEE EEEF.3G5sliips. The early explorers anxiously skirted the long line of breakers during theday, and at dusk veered off to a safe distance from their everlasting roar ;yetshipwrecks were of frequent occurrence. Now, however, all the accessible passesFig. 1-58.The Great Baeeiee Reef.Scale 1 : 11,800,000.are known, and vessels freely navigate the inner waters under shelter from (hefury of the ocean waves.Before the introduction of steam navigation, the channels of the Great Barrier,
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:y£.:^ >M'%m
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OF THE•JNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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^5 \onrNTED BY J. S. VI'iTUR AND CO
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•ivCONTENTS.CHAP.VI. New Guinea a
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: . . .LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LISTOF
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1*1— ii'^ ixB- , a.•'-'\\• '
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2 AUSTEALASIA.great oceanic depress
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4 AUSTRALAMA.Sumatra to Tasmania, a
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OCEANIC EXPLOEATION. 7110 less than
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LIBRARYOF THEMNIVEftSITYofltUNOlS.
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10 AUSTEALASIA.group discovered by
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12 AUSTEALASIA.as a god, but soon a
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14 AUSTRALASIA.where he'came close
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IGAUSTRALASIA.enterprise the seriou
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18 AUSTEALARIA.,few hundred fathoms
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20 AUSTRALASIA.everywhere a clay fo
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OCEANIC AEEIAL CUEEEXTS. 21ing as t
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M-VEIXE CUBEEXTS. 23of the conflict
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MARINE CUREKXTS. 25consequently rel
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DIUFT ICE. 27drifting northwards wi
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VOLCANIC AGEXCIES. 29Ze;ilanrl, com
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CORALLINE FORMATIONS. 31sequently i
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CORAL FORMATIONS. 83so the reef con
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# .^1'.' k
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OCE.\KIC FLOEA. 35than a hundred di
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OCEANIC FAUNA. 37Old World except i
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INHABITANTS OF THE OCEANIC REGIONS.
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THE M/\.SCAEENHAS. 41in winter, and
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MAUEITIUS. 4:3swept away seventy-tw
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h•, J
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MAUEITITTS. 45aloe fibre, and cocoa
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EEUNIOX. 47highest point of the isl
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4t>*«#. .^,#^
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REUNION. 49standing its fertility,
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
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52 AUSTEALAPTA.Galets, St. Denis, t
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54 AUSTEAI.ASIAoa the banks of Rodr
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5CAUSTRALASIA.are the cocoanut palm
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58 AUSTEAT-ASIA.and Athens in the n
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,i
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60 AUSTRALASIA.buffeted by fierce g
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62 AUSTRALASIA.Formerly the island
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CHAPTER III.HE EASTEEN ARCHIPELAGO
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IXDONESIA.6SI.ndo-Malaya andAustro-
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INDONESIA.G7and their conquests hav
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IXDONESIA. 69fortune * some years a
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FLORA OF I>rDONT:SIA. 71whole of ll
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FAUNA OF IXDOXESIA. 73the other isl
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FAUXA OF INDONESIA. 75At the same t
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IXHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 77In the
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INHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 79black,
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SUMATRA. 81The Siimatran mountain s
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SUMATRAN HIGHLAXDS. 83wealth of the
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SUMATEAN HIGHLANDS. 85chasm visited
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onKEAKATAU. 87Krakai'au.Till recent
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KEAKATAU. 89ashes and pumice was es
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SUMATRAN ElYERS. 91alluvial lands a
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SUMATEAN ISLANDS. 93to the west the
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IXHABITAXTS OF SUMATRA. 95camphor,
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'.=INHABITANTS OF SUMATEA. 97dant h
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IXUAEIT.VXTS OF SUMATRA. 99The lang
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IXHABITANTS OP SUMATRA. 101On the d
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IN'HABITANTS OF SUMATRA. 103neighbo
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INHABITANTS OF SUJIATRA. 105all spe
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TOPOGRAPHY OF SUMATRA. 107thousand
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TOPOGEAPIIY OP SUMATRA 109about £6
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TOPOGEAPHY OF SUMATRA.Illlocal sayi
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LlSfiARYOF THEiNIVERSITV of ILLINOI
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114 AUSTRALASIA.contribute to swell
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noAUSTRALASIA.coast. Belonging geol
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118 AUSTEALASIA.not disposed in rid
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120 AUSTRALASIA.same geological for
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122 AUSTEALASIA.Permanent European
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124 AUSTRALASIA.ubruptly, the pass
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] 20 AUSTRALASIA.Several ofthe summ
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128 AUSTRALASIA.gradually diminisli
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130 AUSTEiiLASIA.Kiijang, the ScbuT
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182 AUSTRALASIA.and rosins. On the
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134 AUSTRALASIA.The great bulk of t
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136 AUSTRALASIA.people in the whole
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ILIBRARYOF THE'NIVERSITV of ILLINOI
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133 AUSTBAIASIA.Dajâks, and toward
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InoAUSTRM.ASIA.and backwaters. Here
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142 AUSTRALASIA.The little port of
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144 AUSTRALASIA.Labuan.At the time
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146 AUSTRALASIA.annual surplus devo
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118 AUSTEALASLV.mouth of the Kina-B
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150 AUSTRALASIA.north-westwards tow
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152 AUSTRALASIA.feet) was still act
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One of these volcanoes,the Malabar,
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15GAUSTRALASIA.ground caual which d
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158 AUSTRALASIA.the west. Neverthel
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160 AUSTRALASIA.The Arjuno chain is
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LIBRARYOF THEJNlVERSITYofltLlNOlS,
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162 AUSTRALASIA.crater, is encircle
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164 AUSTRALASIA.natural depression
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J1G(5 AUSTEALA8IA.about a Iniiulved
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•invading-J108 AUSTRALASIA.and to
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170 AUSTRALASIA.Javanese aborigines
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J]7-2 AUSTRALASIA,Although less mun
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174 AUSTRALASIA.Economic Coxiiition
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17C> AUSTRALASIA.them absolutely ;
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178 AUSTRALASIA.Java ranks next to
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180 AUSTRALASIA.these is the kapok
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182 AUSTRALASIA.raw sugars in excha
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184 AUSTRALASIA.quite recent founda
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LONDON. J, SVi\Telolvli Betoen^SU N
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TOPOGRAPHY OF JAVA. 185west of the
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LiotiARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of nUNOIS.
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188 AUSTRALASIA.estuai-y accessible
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190 AUSTRALASIA.affluent of the Sol
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192 AUSTEALASIA.The ruins of the Hi
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TOPOGHAPHY OF JA^'A. 193remains of
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ADinNISTEATION OF JAVA. 195for the
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BALI. 197all rapacious beasts, exce
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BALI. 199Public instruction stands
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LOMBOK. 201A table of all the provi
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LOMBOK.—SUMBAWA. 203Mataram, the
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SUMBAWA. 205these debris represente
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FLOEES. 207tain is at present quies
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SUMBA. 209entirely of limestone cli
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TIMOR. 211fourteentli century, and
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TnroE. 213vegetable zones of the Su
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TIMOR. 215fall asleep, and are not
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—TENIin?EE. 217On the other hand
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CELEBES.»219praus, which are expor
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[ 1—iiCELEBES. 221wLicb, however,
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CELEBES.223reaclnug the sea.Thus th
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—CELEBES. 226cultured coastlauder
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CELEBES. 227Topography ofCelebes.Th
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LISRARVOF THEUNlVERSlTy of ILLINOIS
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230 AtrSTEAlASIA.reefs appearing ab
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232 AUSTRALASIA.Guinea. Those of Bu
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—THE SOUTHERN MOLUCCAS. 238region
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iMPiMliBiiiiiiSliS
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—THE SOUTHEEN MOLUCCAS. 285with t
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THE NORTHERN MOLUCCAS. 237Tlie Xort
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THE NORTHEEX MOLUCCAS. 289Nearly al
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THE NOETHEllX MOLUCCAS. 241The capi
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;CHAPTEE IV.THE PHILIPPINES.HE term
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THE PIIILIPriXKS. 245ridge is also
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILUNOIS1
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248 AUSTRALASIA.whose slopes occupy
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250 AUSTBAI.ASIA.to its modified en
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252 AUSTRALASIA.60 miles from its m
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lyilABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES. 25
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some places, and especially Luzon,
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—IXHABITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
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INHABITANTS OP THE rillLlITINES. 25
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IXITAF.ITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES.2f
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LiBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITYefliLlNOIS.
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;264 AUSTRATiASIA.occupies ono of t
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260 AITSTEALASIA.two miles from eac
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'268 AUSTRALASIA.populous member of
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270 AUSTRALASIA.Administratioxof th
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—272 AUSTRALASL^.and its iraportu
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—CHAPTER V.MICKONESIA.I.The Maria
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;270 AUSTRALASIA.Exposed during the
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—THE MAEIANAS. 277although baptis
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THE PELEW ISLAISTDS. 279together, a
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THE CAEOLIXES. 281Eocha readied the
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THE CAEOLIXES. 283also affords shel
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THE CAEOLES'ES 285purchase hatcliet
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THE CAEOLINES. 287tions associated
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—EASTERN MiCEONESIA. 289times eve
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EASTERN MICEOXESIA. 291by breezes f
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CHAPTER VI.NEW GUINEA AND ADJACENT
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NKW GUINEA. 295the great island ass
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PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF NEW GUINEA. 29
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—rrTTSIC.\L FEATUEES OP NEW GITIN
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—CLIMATE OF NEW GUINEA. 801windin
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FAUNA OF NEW GUINEA. 303these are r
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LIBRARYOF THEIKIVERSITYoflLUNOlS.i
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806 AUSTRALASIA.out ever founaering
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H08AUSTRALASIA.frequented market in
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310 AUSTRALASIA.Along the whole of
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812 AUSTRALASIA.time of the discove
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314 AUSTEALASIA."palace," barracks,
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misAUSTRALASIA." Monsieur," as they
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—CHAPTER VII.MELANESIA.LL the isl
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3iOAUSTRALASIA.Hermit and Admiralty
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822 AUSTEALASIA.central part of the
Page 392: 324 AUSTEALASIAPolynesian are inter
Page 395 and 396: NOETH MELA^ÊSIA. 325Maklaj' to the
Page 397 and 398: NORTH MELANESIA. 327As a rule the s
Page 399 and 400: NOKTH MELANESIA. 329west, and which
Page 401 and 402: —SAXTA-C'RUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 331
Page 403 and 404: SAXTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 833Clim
Page 405 and 406: SANTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBEIDES. 335inla
Page 407 and 408: —FREXCH MELANESIA. 387remarkably
Page 409 and 410: —FRENCH MELANESIA. 339In New Cale
Page 411 and 412: FRENCH MELANESIA. 341brooks apiêar
Page 413 and 414: —FEEXC'II MELANEf^FA.343Imiaiutan
Page 415 and 416: FRENCH MELANESIA.3i580 many clans,
Page 418 and 419: LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLlNGi.
Page 420 and 421: —348 AUSTRALASIA.New Ciik'clonia
Page 422 and 423: 850 AUSTRALASIA.the surrounding far
Page 424 and 425: CHAPTER VIII.AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA
Page 426 and 427: AUSTRALIATASMAr
Page 429 and 430: AUSTRALIA. .353alluvial plains, dee
Page 431 and 432: —EXPLORATION OF AUSTEALIA. 355isl
Page 433 and 434: —EXPLORATIOX OF AUSTE.ILIA. 357Th
Page 435 and 436: THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS. 859which lie w
Page 438 and 439: LIBRARYOF THEINIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 440 and 441: 362 AUSTEALASIA.heat and cold, wind
Page 444 and 445: 366 AUSTRALASIA.notwithstanding the
Page 446 and 447: 3(J8 AUSTRALASIA.islands ;at anotli
Page 448 and 449: 870 AUSTRALASIA.regions. Neverthele
Page 450 and 451: 872 AUSTRALASIA.The splendour and e
Page 452 and 453: 37iAUSTEALASIA.least three-fourths
Page 454 and 455: 876 AUSTRALASIA.resembled the Malay
Page 456 and 457: ;378 AUSTEALASIA.Australian languag
Page 458 and 459: —380 AUSTRALASIA.The most charact
Page 460 and 461: B82AUSTRiVLASIA.towards the rising
Page 462 and 463: —884 AUSTRALASIA.progress of Chri
Page 464 and 465: —886 AUSTRALASIA.year to ye:ir th
Page 466 and 467: 338 AUSTRAIASIA.respect even bffore
Page 468 and 469: SCOAUSTRALASIA.limited uuuiber of w
Page 470 and 471: 392 AUSTRALASIA.the colonief? with
Page 472 and 473: 391 AUSTRALASIA.was adequately repr
Page 474 and 475: —390 AUSTRALASIA.spaces from the
Page 476 and 477: ;898•AUSTRALASIA.were discovered
Page 478 and 479: —400 AUSTRALASIA.where is coiitre
Page 480 and 481: —402 AUSTRALASLV.to the prosperit
Page 482 and 483: 404 AUSTRALASIA.1859. But altliougt
Page 484 and 485: -100 AUSTRALASIA.2fari/boroi(gh occ
Page 486 and 487: ;408 AUSTRALASIA.development o£ th
Page 488 and 489: L13RASYOF THE
Page 490 and 491: SYDNEYA^C to IGfe*T. !atc3:f*LONDON
Page 492 and 493:
LiSRARYOF THEiVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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;410 AUSTRALASIA.clearing at the ex
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412 AUSTRALASIA.most densely people
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411 AUSTRALASIA.Norfolk, over five
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VICTOEIA. 415place of little import
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LI3RAKVOF THEUNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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418 AUSTRALASIA.precious metal. Sin
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TASMANIA. 419about a reaction, and
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LIBRARYOF THEJNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
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422•AUSTRALASIA.Pahiii, and which
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424 AUSTRALASIA.brian pouinsula, wb
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—'42GAUSTEAI.ASIA.On the west sid
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NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 427by t
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—NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 429i
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NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 431K;ii
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NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 433is 1
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LIBRARYOF THE'INIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 532 and 533:
43GAUSTE.VLASIA.siijjpbire tints of
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438 AUSTEALASIA.disappear as if by
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440 AUSTRALASIA.and tailless, of wh
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442 AUSTRAT.ASIA.warlike expedition
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444 AUSTEALASIA.two tribes in 1884.
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446 AUSTRALASIA.Nevertheless, tiiia
Page 544 and 545:
U8AUSTllALASIA.Topography of New Zk
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450 AUSTEALASIA.to navigation.Thank
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452 AUSTRALASIA.very remarkable col
Page 551 and 552:
TorOGRAPHT OF NEW ZEALAND. 453the e
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NEW ZEALAND.—ADJACENT ISLANDS. 45
Page 555:
LISRAKVOF THEUNlVERSITVofllLlNOiS
Page 559 and 560:
CIIArTER X.TIIK FIJI ISLANDS.1
Page 561 and 562:
FIJI. 459from Vanua-Levu by the nar
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FIJI.IGleven with the gods, making
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FIJI.4G3raw. He also amused himself
Page 568 and 569:
LIBRARYOF THEDIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 570 and 571:
CHAPTER XLEQUATORIAL POLYNESIA.'OLY
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—4G8AUSTRALASIA.the last Polj'nes
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470 AUSTEALASIA.Samoa, -wliich is r
Page 576 and 577:
—472 AUSTRALASIA.tropical vegetat
Page 579 and 580:
EQUATORIAL POLYXESIA. 473zone of pl
Page 581 and 582:
EQUATOEIAJ. POLTNESIx\.. 475pletel}
Page 583 and 584:
EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 477covering t
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—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 479supreme
Page 587 and 588:
, , 1EQUATOEIAL POLTXE-IA. 481tions
Page 589 and 590:
EQUATOELVI. POLYXESIA. 483changes o
Page 591 and 592:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 485The who
Page 594 and 595:
LiSRARYOF THEJNlVERSlTYofttLlNOtS,i
Page 596 and 597:
—483 AUSTR.VLASIA.the gi-adual an
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—400 AUSTRALASIA.for the highest
Page 600 and 601:
—402 AIISTRATiASIA.islets, whicli
Page 602 and 603:
494 AUSTRALASIA.in Honolulu, whore,
Page 604:
4'JGAUSTEAIjASIA.Anglicans, Metliod
Page 607 and 608:
HAWAH. 497a province of the great r
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 499Riouw and Lingga Archi
Page 611 and 612:
—ArrENDix. 501NoETHEEX Moluccas :
Page 613 and 614:
APPENDIX.Anibrym......-.Vate (Sandw
Page 615 and 616:
INDEX.Abang Volcano, 196Abong-Abons
Page 617 and 618:
INDEX. 507Deli Town, 96, 113Demak,
Page 619 and 620:
4INDEX. 509Malu Mountain, 124Mamauu
Page 621 and 622:
'INDEX. 511Salak Mountain, 151, 1S2
Page 626:
UNIVERSITY OF I1-UNOI3-URBANA
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