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133 AUSTBAIASIA.Dajâks, and towards the middle of the present century had even constituted themselvesiu independent republics. In these kongui, or brotherhoods, the " elderbrothers " and the " j'ounger " co-operated together, and pauperism was unknown.Animated by a commonFig. 51.—Banjekmassin. spirit of solidarity, theyScale 1 : 85,000. defended themselveswith the greatest courage,and exiDeditions ofseveral thousand menwere required to enforcesubmission to the Dutchrule. As in most otherChinese settlements, thestaple trade of Sambasand Montrado is ofopium.Siika<strong>dana</strong>,situatedon a lateral branch ofthe Kapuas delta, wasformerly capital of oneof the largest states inBorneo ; now it is amere village facing thepicturesquearchipelago.KariiiiafaTheseislands were at one timedensely peopled, but arenow almost uninhabited.The culminating peak ofthe chief island has analtitude of 3,310 feet.Between the Kapuasand Barito deltas everyestuary has its market,every petty state itscapital, wherea Dutchofficial is now seated bythe side of the descend-3,300 Yards. ant of the old sovereigus.But the coast populationis so scanty that none of these places are now anything more than humble villages.Yet the upper valley of the Kahajan abounds in gold dust, which is collected by theDayaks, who have hitherto prevented the Chinese from penetrating to their territory.Farther east the chief emporium is Banjennassin, or simply Banjer, capital of
DUTCH BOBNEO, 13£)the south- westein provinces, and the largest city iu the whole of Borneo.Althouo-hcommanding the entrance of the Barito, it does not stand on the estuary itself, butmore to the east in a district intersected by a labyrinth of ever- shifting channels
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:y£.:^ >M'%m
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OF THE•JNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
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^5 \onrNTED BY J. S. VI'iTUR AND CO
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•ivCONTENTS.CHAP.VI. New Guinea a
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: . . .LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.LISTOF
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1*1— ii'^ ixB- , a.•'-'\\• '
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2 AUSTEALASIA.great oceanic depress
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4 AUSTRALAMA.Sumatra to Tasmania, a
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OCEANIC EXPLOEATION. 7110 less than
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LIBRARYOF THEMNIVEftSITYofltUNOlS.
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10 AUSTEALASIA.group discovered by
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12 AUSTEALASIA.as a god, but soon a
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14 AUSTRALASIA.where he'came close
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IGAUSTRALASIA.enterprise the seriou
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18 AUSTEALARIA.,few hundred fathoms
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20 AUSTRALASIA.everywhere a clay fo
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OCEANIC AEEIAL CUEEEXTS. 21ing as t
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M-VEIXE CUBEEXTS. 23of the conflict
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MARINE CUREKXTS. 25consequently rel
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DIUFT ICE. 27drifting northwards wi
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VOLCANIC AGEXCIES. 29Ze;ilanrl, com
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CORALLINE FORMATIONS. 31sequently i
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CORAL FORMATIONS. 83so the reef con
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# .^1'.' k
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OCE.\KIC FLOEA. 35than a hundred di
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OCEANIC FAUNA. 37Old World except i
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INHABITANTS OF THE OCEANIC REGIONS.
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THE M/\.SCAEENHAS. 41in winter, and
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MAUEITIUS. 4:3swept away seventy-tw
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h•, J
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MAUEITITTS. 45aloe fibre, and cocoa
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EEUNIOX. 47highest point of the isl
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4t>*«#. .^,#^
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REUNION. 49standing its fertility,
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
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52 AUSTEALAPTA.Galets, St. Denis, t
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54 AUSTEAI.ASIAoa the banks of Rodr
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5CAUSTRALASIA.are the cocoanut palm
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58 AUSTEAT-ASIA.and Athens in the n
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OF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,i
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60 AUSTRALASIA.buffeted by fierce g
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62 AUSTRALASIA.Formerly the island
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CHAPTER III.HE EASTEEN ARCHIPELAGO
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IXDONESIA.6SI.ndo-Malaya andAustro-
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INDONESIA.G7and their conquests hav
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IXDONESIA. 69fortune * some years a
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FLORA OF I>rDONT:SIA. 71whole of ll
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FAUNA OF IXDOXESIA. 73the other isl
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FAUXA OF INDONESIA. 75At the same t
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IXHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 77In the
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INHABITANTS OF INDONESIA. 79black,
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SUMATRA. 81The Siimatran mountain s
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SUMATRAN HIGHLAXDS. 83wealth of the
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SUMATEAN HIGHLANDS. 85chasm visited
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onKEAKATAU. 87Krakai'au.Till recent
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KEAKATAU. 89ashes and pumice was es
Page 127 and 128: SUMATRAN ElYERS. 91alluvial lands a
Page 129 and 130: SUMATEAN ISLANDS. 93to the west the
Page 131 and 132: IXHABITAXTS OF SUMATRA. 95camphor,
Page 133 and 134: '.=INHABITANTS OF SUMATEA. 97dant h
Page 135 and 136: IXUAEIT.VXTS OF SUMATRA. 99The lang
Page 137 and 138: IXHABITANTS OP SUMATRA. 101On the d
Page 139 and 140: IN'HABITANTS OF SUMATRA. 103neighbo
Page 141 and 142: INHABITANTS OF SUJIATRA. 105all spe
Page 143 and 144: TOPOGRAPHY OF SUMATRA. 107thousand
Page 145 and 146: TOPOGEAPIIY OP SUMATRA 109about £6
Page 147 and 148: TOPOGEAPHY OF SUMATRA.Illlocal sayi
Page 150 and 151: LlSfiARYOF THEiNIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 152 and 153: 114 AUSTRALASIA.contribute to swell
Page 154 and 155: noAUSTRALASIA.coast. Belonging geol
Page 156 and 157: 118 AUSTEALASIA.not disposed in rid
Page 158 and 159: 120 AUSTRALASIA.same geological for
Page 160 and 161: 122 AUSTEALASIA.Permanent European
Page 162 and 163: 124 AUSTRALASIA.ubruptly, the pass
Page 164 and 165: ] 20 AUSTRALASIA.Several ofthe summ
Page 166 and 167: 128 AUSTRALASIA.gradually diminisli
Page 168 and 169: 130 AUSTEiiLASIA.Kiijang, the ScbuT
Page 170 and 171: 182 AUSTRALASIA.and rosins. On the
Page 172 and 173: 134 AUSTRALASIA.The great bulk of t
Page 174 and 175: 136 AUSTRALASIA.people in the whole
Page 176 and 177: ILIBRARYOF THE'NIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 180 and 181: InoAUSTRM.ASIA.and backwaters. Here
Page 182 and 183: 142 AUSTRALASIA.The little port of
Page 184 and 185: 144 AUSTRALASIA.Labuan.At the time
Page 186 and 187: 146 AUSTRALASIA.annual surplus devo
Page 188 and 189: 118 AUSTEALASLV.mouth of the Kina-B
Page 190 and 191: 150 AUSTRALASIA.north-westwards tow
Page 192 and 193: 152 AUSTRALASIA.feet) was still act
Page 194 and 195: One of these volcanoes,the Malabar,
Page 196 and 197: 15GAUSTRALASIA.ground caual which d
Page 198 and 199: 158 AUSTRALASIA.the west. Neverthel
Page 200 and 201: 160 AUSTRALASIA.The Arjuno chain is
Page 202 and 203: LIBRARYOF THEJNlVERSITYofltLlNOlS,
Page 204 and 205: 162 AUSTRALASIA.crater, is encircle
Page 206 and 207: 164 AUSTRALASIA.natural depression
Page 208 and 209: J1G(5 AUSTEALA8IA.about a Iniiulved
Page 210 and 211: •invading-J108 AUSTRALASIA.and to
Page 212 and 213: 170 AUSTRALASIA.Javanese aborigines
Page 214 and 215: J]7-2 AUSTRALASIA,Although less mun
Page 216 and 217: 174 AUSTRALASIA.Economic Coxiiition
Page 218 and 219: 17C> AUSTRALASIA.them absolutely ;
Page 220 and 221: 178 AUSTRALASIA.Java ranks next to
Page 222 and 223: 180 AUSTRALASIA.these is the kapok
Page 224: 182 AUSTRALASIA.raw sugars in excha
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184 AUSTRALASIA.quite recent founda
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LONDON. J, SVi\Telolvli Betoen^SU N
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TOPOGRAPHY OF JAVA. 185west of the
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LiotiARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of nUNOIS.
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188 AUSTRALASIA.estuai-y accessible
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190 AUSTRALASIA.affluent of the Sol
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192 AUSTEALASIA.The ruins of the Hi
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TOPOGHAPHY OF JA^'A. 193remains of
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ADinNISTEATION OF JAVA. 195for the
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BALI. 197all rapacious beasts, exce
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BALI. 199Public instruction stands
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LOMBOK. 201A table of all the provi
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LOMBOK.—SUMBAWA. 203Mataram, the
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SUMBAWA. 205these debris represente
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FLOEES. 207tain is at present quies
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SUMBA. 209entirely of limestone cli
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TIMOR. 211fourteentli century, and
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TnroE. 213vegetable zones of the Su
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TIMOR. 215fall asleep, and are not
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—TENIin?EE. 217On the other hand
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CELEBES.»219praus, which are expor
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[ 1—iiCELEBES. 221wLicb, however,
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CELEBES.223reaclnug the sea.Thus th
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—CELEBES. 226cultured coastlauder
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CELEBES. 227Topography ofCelebes.Th
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LISRARVOF THEUNlVERSlTy of ILLINOIS
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230 AtrSTEAlASIA.reefs appearing ab
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232 AUSTRALASIA.Guinea. Those of Bu
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—THE SOUTHERN MOLUCCAS. 238region
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iMPiMliBiiiiiiSliS
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—THE SOUTHEEN MOLUCCAS. 285with t
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THE NORTHERN MOLUCCAS. 237Tlie Xort
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THE NORTHEEX MOLUCCAS. 289Nearly al
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THE NOETHEllX MOLUCCAS. 241The capi
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;CHAPTEE IV.THE PHILIPPINES.HE term
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THE PIIILIPriXKS. 245ridge is also
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILUNOIS1
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248 AUSTRALASIA.whose slopes occupy
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250 AUSTBAI.ASIA.to its modified en
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252 AUSTRALASIA.60 miles from its m
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lyilABITANTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES. 25
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some places, and especially Luzon,
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—IXHABITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPINES.
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INHABITANTS OP THE rillLlITINES. 25
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IXITAF.ITAXTS OF THE PHILIPPIXES.2f
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LiBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITYefliLlNOIS.
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;264 AUSTRATiASIA.occupies ono of t
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260 AITSTEALASIA.two miles from eac
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'268 AUSTRALASIA.populous member of
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270 AUSTRALASIA.Administratioxof th
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—272 AUSTRALASL^.and its iraportu
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—CHAPTER V.MICKONESIA.I.The Maria
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;270 AUSTRALASIA.Exposed during the
Page 343 and 344:
—THE MAEIANAS. 277although baptis
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THE PELEW ISLAISTDS. 279together, a
Page 347 and 348:
THE CAEOLIXES. 281Eocha readied the
Page 349 and 350:
THE CAEOLIXES. 283also affords shel
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THE CAEOLES'ES 285purchase hatcliet
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THE CAEOLINES. 287tions associated
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—EASTERN MiCEONESIA. 289times eve
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EASTERN MICEOXESIA. 291by breezes f
Page 359 and 360:
CHAPTER VI.NEW GUINEA AND ADJACENT
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NKW GUINEA. 295the great island ass
Page 363 and 364:
PHYSICAL FEATUEES OF NEW GUINEA. 29
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—rrTTSIC.\L FEATUEES OP NEW GITIN
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—CLIMATE OF NEW GUINEA. 801windin
Page 369 and 370:
FAUNA OF NEW GUINEA. 303these are r
Page 372 and 373:
LIBRARYOF THEIKIVERSITYoflLUNOlS.i
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806 AUSTRALASIA.out ever founaering
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H08AUSTRALASIA.frequented market in
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310 AUSTRALASIA.Along the whole of
Page 380 and 381:
812 AUSTRALASIA.time of the discove
Page 382 and 383:
314 AUSTEALASIA."palace," barracks,
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misAUSTRALASIA." Monsieur," as they
Page 386 and 387:
—CHAPTER VII.MELANESIA.LL the isl
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3iOAUSTRALASIA.Hermit and Admiralty
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822 AUSTEALASIA.central part of the
Page 392:
324 AUSTEALASIAPolynesian are inter
Page 395 and 396:
NOETH MELA^ÊSIA. 325Maklaj' to the
Page 397 and 398:
NORTH MELANESIA. 327As a rule the s
Page 399 and 400:
NOKTH MELANESIA. 329west, and which
Page 401 and 402:
—SAXTA-C'RUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 331
Page 403 and 404:
SAXTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBRIDES. 833Clim
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SANTA-CEUZ.—NEW HEBEIDES. 335inla
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—FREXCH MELANESIA. 387remarkably
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—FRENCH MELANESIA. 339In New Cale
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FRENCH MELANESIA. 341brooks apiêar
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—FEEXC'II MELANEf^FA.343Imiaiutan
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FRENCH MELANESIA.3i580 many clans,
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LIBRARYOF THEUNIVERSITY of ILLlNGi.
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—348 AUSTRALASIA.New Ciik'clonia
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850 AUSTRALASIA.the surrounding far
Page 424 and 425:
CHAPTER VIII.AUSTRALIA AND TASMANIA
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AUSTRALIATASMAr
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AUSTRALIA. .353alluvial plains, dee
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—EXPLORATION OF AUSTEALIA. 355isl
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—EXPLORATIOX OF AUSTE.ILIA. 357Th
Page 435 and 436:
THE AUSTRALIAN ALPS. 859which lie w
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LIBRARYOF THEINIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 440 and 441:
362 AUSTEALASIA.heat and cold, wind
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3G1AUSTRALASIA.from shoals, begins
Page 444 and 445:
366 AUSTRALASIA.notwithstanding the
Page 446 and 447:
3(J8 AUSTRALASIA.islands ;at anotli
Page 448 and 449:
870 AUSTRALASIA.regions. Neverthele
Page 450 and 451:
872 AUSTRALASIA.The splendour and e
Page 452 and 453:
37iAUSTEALASIA.least three-fourths
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876 AUSTRALASIA.resembled the Malay
Page 456 and 457:
;378 AUSTEALASIA.Australian languag
Page 458 and 459:
—380 AUSTRALASIA.The most charact
Page 460 and 461:
B82AUSTRiVLASIA.towards the rising
Page 462 and 463:
—884 AUSTRALASIA.progress of Chri
Page 464 and 465:
—886 AUSTRALASIA.year to ye:ir th
Page 466 and 467:
338 AUSTRAIASIA.respect even bffore
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SCOAUSTRALASIA.limited uuuiber of w
Page 470 and 471:
392 AUSTRALASIA.the colonief? with
Page 472 and 473:
391 AUSTRALASIA.was adequately repr
Page 474 and 475:
—390 AUSTRALASIA.spaces from the
Page 476 and 477:
;898•AUSTRALASIA.were discovered
Page 478 and 479:
—400 AUSTRALASIA.where is coiitre
Page 480 and 481:
—402 AUSTRALASLV.to the prosperit
Page 482 and 483:
404 AUSTRALASIA.1859. But altliougt
Page 484 and 485:
-100 AUSTRALASIA.2fari/boroi(gh occ
Page 486 and 487:
;408 AUSTRALASIA.development o£ th
Page 488 and 489:
L13RASYOF THE
Page 490 and 491:
SYDNEYA^C to IGfe*T. !atc3:f*LONDON
Page 492 and 493:
LiSRARYOF THEiVERSITV of ILLINOIS.
Page 494 and 495:
;410 AUSTRALASIA.clearing at the ex
Page 496 and 497:
412 AUSTRALASIA.most densely people
Page 498:
411 AUSTRALASIA.Norfolk, over five
Page 501 and 502:
VICTOEIA. 415place of little import
Page 504 and 505:
LI3RAKVOF THEUNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 506:
418 AUSTRALASIA.precious metal. Sin
Page 509 and 510:
TASMANIA. 419about a reaction, and
Page 512 and 513:
LIBRARYOF THEJNIVERSITV of ILLINOIS
Page 514 and 515:
422•AUSTRALASIA.Pahiii, and which
Page 516 and 517:
424 AUSTRALASIA.brian pouinsula, wb
Page 518:
—'42GAUSTEAI.ASIA.On the west sid
Page 521 and 522:
NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 427by t
Page 523 and 524:
—NEW ZEALAND—SOUTH ISLAND. 429i
Page 525 and 526:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 431K;ii
Page 527 and 528:
NEW ZEALAND—NORTH ISLAND. 433is 1
Page 530 and 531:
LIBRARYOF THE'INIVERSITV of ILLINOI
Page 532 and 533:
43GAUSTE.VLASIA.siijjpbire tints of
Page 534 and 535:
438 AUSTEALASIA.disappear as if by
Page 536 and 537:
440 AUSTRALASIA.and tailless, of wh
Page 538 and 539:
442 AUSTRAT.ASIA.warlike expedition
Page 540 and 541:
444 AUSTEALASIA.two tribes in 1884.
Page 542 and 543:
446 AUSTRALASIA.Nevertheless, tiiia
Page 544 and 545:
U8AUSTllALASIA.Topography of New Zk
Page 546 and 547:
450 AUSTEALASIA.to navigation.Thank
Page 548:
452 AUSTRALASIA.very remarkable col
Page 551 and 552:
TorOGRAPHT OF NEW ZEALAND. 453the e
Page 553 and 554:
NEW ZEALAND.—ADJACENT ISLANDS. 45
Page 555:
LISRAKVOF THEUNlVERSITVofllLlNOiS
Page 559 and 560:
CIIArTER X.TIIK FIJI ISLANDS.1
Page 561 and 562:
FIJI. 459from Vanua-Levu by the nar
Page 563 and 564:
FIJI.IGleven with the gods, making
Page 565 and 566:
FIJI.4G3raw. He also amused himself
Page 568 and 569:
LIBRARYOF THEDIVERSITY of ILLINOIS,
Page 570 and 571:
CHAPTER XLEQUATORIAL POLYNESIA.'OLY
Page 572 and 573:
—4G8AUSTRALASIA.the last Polj'nes
Page 574 and 575:
470 AUSTEALASIA.Samoa, -wliich is r
Page 576 and 577:
—472 AUSTRALASIA.tropical vegetat
Page 579 and 580:
EQUATORIAL POLYXESIA. 473zone of pl
Page 581 and 582:
EQUATOEIAJ. POLTNESIx\.. 475pletel}
Page 583 and 584:
EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 477covering t
Page 585 and 586:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 479supreme
Page 587 and 588:
, , 1EQUATOEIAL POLTXE-IA. 481tions
Page 589 and 590:
EQUATOELVI. POLYXESIA. 483changes o
Page 591 and 592:
—EQUATORIAL POLYNESIA. 485The who
Page 594 and 595:
LiSRARYOF THEJNlVERSlTYofttLlNOtS,i
Page 596 and 597:
—483 AUSTR.VLASIA.the gi-adual an
Page 598 and 599:
—400 AUSTRALASIA.for the highest
Page 600 and 601:
—402 AIISTRATiASIA.islets, whicli
Page 602 and 603:
494 AUSTRALASIA.in Honolulu, whore,
Page 604:
4'JGAUSTEAIjASIA.Anglicans, Metliod
Page 607 and 608:
HAWAH. 497a province of the great r
Page 609 and 610:
APPENDIX. 499Riouw and Lingga Archi
Page 611 and 612:
—ArrENDix. 501NoETHEEX Moluccas :
Page 613 and 614:
APPENDIX.Anibrym......-.Vate (Sandw
Page 615 and 616:
INDEX.Abang Volcano, 196Abong-Abons
Page 617 and 618:
INDEX. 507Deli Town, 96, 113Demak,
Page 619 and 620:
4INDEX. 509Malu Mountain, 124Mamauu
Page 621 and 622:
'INDEX. 511Salak Mountain, 151, 1S2
Page 626:
UNIVERSITY OF I1-UNOI3-URBANA
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