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PlasticsCodeTable 3.8: Types of PlasticsName Description and Common Applications CurrentlyRecoveredthroughLiverpoolKerbsideRecyclingProgram?1 PET(Polyethylene terephthalate)2 HDPE(High density polyethylene)3 UPVC(Unplasticised polyvinyl chloride)PPVC(Plasticised polyvinyl chloride)4 LDPE(Low density polyethylene)5 PP(Polypropylene)6 PS(Polystyrene)EPS(Expanded polystyrene)Clear tough plastic, may be used as a fibre,soft drink, water and juice bottles, someplastic jarsVery common plastic, usually white orcoloured, commonly used for milk bottles,cream and juice containersHard rigid plastic, may be clear, commonlyused for clear cordial bottles, detergent andshampoo bottlesFlexible, clear, elastic plastic commonly usedin garden hoses, shoe soles, blood bags,tubingSoft, flexible plastic. Commonly used for thelids of ice-cream containers, garbage bags,garbage binsHard, but flexible plastic which has manyuses such as ice-cream containers, potatocrisp bags, drinking straws, hinged lunchboxesRigid, brittle plastic. May be clear, glassy,used in yoghurt containers, plastic cutlery,imitation crystal glasswareRigid plastic. Used in hot drink cups,takeaway food containers, meat trays7 Other All other plastics including nylon and acrylic NoSources: www.visy.com.au, www.pacia.org.auYesYesYesNoNoNoNoNoLiverpool City Council will aim to expand the range of plastics recovered from the kerbsiderecycling program when it negotiates its next recycling processing contract. This is in linewith DEC’s good practice performance measures.3.7 Diversion Potential and Waste Streams DifferentiationUnderlying increased diversion is a need to differentiate multiple waste streams generated inLiverpool and deal appropriately with each in accordance with the principles of this strategy.Based upon the data from the 2003 audit, there is considerable potential to further divertmaterials from the domestic garbage stream in Liverpool.Liverpool City Council17Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy
Increased diversion can be achieved through a range of possible initiatives including:Possible Initiative 1: Increase Dry Recyclables RecoveryA recent survey of resource recovery and environmental issues carried out by Council (IRISResearch; 2004) identified there is some confusion amongst Liverpool residents on what canand cannot be placed in recycling crates. A number of residents also indicated that the sizeof the crate inhibited their recycling behaviour. Measures that could be undertaken byCouncil to increase recovery of dry recyclable material include:• Foster increased resident participation in recycling, through further education andawareness;• Increase the range of materials that can be recycled (for example, more plasticsgrades); and• Kerbside recycling service enhancement (for example, provide mobile receptacles ofincreased capacity for collection of dry recyclables).Possible Initiative 2: Garden Organics RecoveryIntroduce regular (fortnightly) collections of garden organics (recovery rates are maximisedwhere rigid mobile containers are provided for collections).Possible Initiative 3: Alternative Waste Treatment 2Process collected garbage through an Alternative Waste Treatment facility instead of directdisposal to landfill as currently occurs, thereby providing further opportunity to achieveimproved sustainability outcomes including:• Reduction in the quantity of material for final disposal;• Waste stabilisation to reduce gas formation and leachate pollution; and• Production of outputs (organics / energy / gas / recyclables) that can be beneficiallyre-used.2Alternative Waste Treatment (AWT) are processes that:• Reduce the quantity of material for final disposal;• Stabilise the material to reduce gas and leachate formation; and• Produce outputs (energy / compost / oil / gas / recyclables) that can be beneficially re-used.AWT processes can be categorised under the following headings:1) Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT): Processes that incorporate mechanical sorting and separation of waste into predominantlybiodegradable and non-biodegradable streams. The biodegradable stream is subject to a biological treatment process (for examplecomposting and/or anaerobic digestion). The “non-” biodegradable stream can be further sorted to extract recyclable materials.2) Thermal treatment (Energy from Waste - EfW): Processes that use heat to decompose waste and produce a stable residue fordisposal. Energy is recovered during processing in the form of heat and/or electricity.3) Combinations of bothLiverpool City Council18Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENTSPART 1: ..........
Page 6 and 7: 1 INTRODUCTIONLiverpool City Counci
Page 8 and 9: 2 BACKGROUNDTo provide the framewor
Page 10 and 11: In the period 1991 to 2001, the pop
Page 12 and 13: Table 3.3 Domestic Waste Collection
Page 14: 3.4.2 CurrentThe total current (200
Page 17 and 18: Dirt/Ash/Ceramics,6%Other, 13%Hazar
Page 19 and 20: 3.6.1 Kerbside Recycling Yield, Con
Page 21: Table 3.7: Comparison of DEC-Prefer
Page 25 and 26: 4 WASTE LEGISLATION AND POLICY4.1 L
Page 27 and 28: • Reducing toxic substances in pr
Page 29 and 30: amounts to increasing the resource
Page 31 and 32: 5 TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE EVALUATION OF
Page 33 and 34: OptionSingle Unit Dwellings Multi U
Page 35 and 36: Option 4For this option, garbage is
Page 40 and 41: • Assessment of alternative waste
Page 42 and 43: OptionTable 5.4: Assumed Extent of
Page 44 and 45: OptionGarbageTable 5.5: System Cost
Page 46 and 47: ) Environmental PerformanceThe envi
Page 48 and 49: Single Unit Dwellings2.0E+07Load CV
Page 50 and 51: Single Unit Dwellings$15$10Eco $/hh
Page 52 and 53: 5.2.4 ConclusionsOn the basis of th
Page 54 and 55: 6 ACTION AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
Page 56 and 57: Waste Avoidanceand Resource Recover
Page 58 and 59: d) Action MatrixKey Actions Timefra
Page 60 and 61: Key Actions Timeframe Groups Involv
Page 64 and 65: The materials currently recovered f
Page 68 and 69: 6.4 Charging for Waste Management S
Page 70 and 71: Key Actions Timeframe Groups Involv
Page 72 and 73:
Liverpool City Council (2004), Soci
Page 74 and 75:
d) Action MatrixKey Actions Timefra
Page 76 and 77:
6.7 Development Controls for Waste
Page 78 and 79:
6.8 Commercial and Industrial Waste
Page 80 and 81:
6.9 Household Clean-upa) Strategic
Page 82 and 83:
6.10 Multi Unit Dwellingsa) Strateg
Page 84:
6.11 Illegal Dumpinga) Strategic Ob
Page 88 and 89:
6.12 Problem Wastesa) Strategic Obj
Page 90 and 91:
d) Action MatrixKey Actions Timefra
Page 92 and 93:
6.13 Recovery and Disposal of Counc
Page 94 and 95:
Resource NSW (2003), Specification
Page 96 and 97:
NSW Department of Environment and C
Page 98 and 99:
7 CONCLUSIONSFrom the assessment of
Page 100 and 101:
8 REFERENCESDEC NSW & UNSW (2003),
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix AReview of Waste-Related L
Page 104:
However, it should be noted that th
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