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A discussion of each option follows.ExistingThe existing system has been assessed against each of the potential future service provisionoptions assuming current collection arrangements remain unchanged. For costing purposes,assumptions regarding future landfill disposal costs and the future costs for receival andprocessing of the recyclables and organics streams (refer Section 5.2) were applied toexisting collection quantities.Option 1For this option, garbage bins for SUDs are assumed be of 120 L capacity compared to thecurrent 240 L bins. All collected garbage is assumed to be processed in a MechanicalBiological Treatment (MBT) facility that produces an organic rich fraction for beneficial use.As has been observed in Councils elsewhere, a reduction in garbage bin capacity typicallyresults in a reduction in garbage generation, with a corresponding increase in materialsrecovered through kerbside recycling and organics collections.Concurrent with the reduced garbage bin size has been the introduction of new services forkerbside recyclables and garden organics. For kerbside recyclables, the existing crate basedservice has been assumed to be replaced by a 240 L mobile bin service, with recyclablesassumed to be placed in the bin in commingled (mixed) form. The 240L bins are assumed tobe collected fortnightly. Both SUDs and MUDs are assumed to be provided with this kerbsiderecycling service.For Single Unit Dwellings, a new 240 L bin fortnightly service has been assumed for gardenorganics. The collected organics are assumed to be processed into a high value organichorticultural product. For Multi Unit Dwellings, owing to the low quantity of garden organicsgenerated, no separate organics service is provided.Option 2For this option, garbage is assumed to be collected using 240 L bins collected weekly as percurrent arrangements. Collected garbage is assumed to be processed in a MechanicalBiological Treatment (MBT) facility, incorporating energy recovery from biogas as well asproduction of an organic rich fraction.Kerbside recyclables are assumed to be collected fortnightly in commingled form as perOption 1. For garden organics, no collection service is provided, with a higher level ofresource recovery (using biogas generation with energy recovery as well as organic richfraction for beneficial use) assumed for the processing of the garbage stream than Option 1.Option 3This system is the same as Option 2 with the exception that the assumed MechanicalBiological Treatment (MBT) facility does include a biogas generation and energy recoveryprocess component.Liverpool City Council29Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy
Option 4For this option, garbage is assumed to be collected using 240 L bins collected weekly as percurrent arrangements. Collected garbage is assumed to be processed in a high-performingMechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) facility as per Option 2. In addition, the facility isassumed to include process steps that separate containers (steel and aluminium cans, glassbottles and plastic containers) from the garbage stream prior to biological treatment. Thissorting capability is provided in lieu of a separate kerbside recycling service for containers.For paper and cardboard, a separate fortnightly kerbside collection is assumed to be providedusing 120 L bins (SUDs) and 240 L bins (MUDs). No garden organics collection service isprovided for this option.Option 5For this option, garbage bins for SUDs are assumed be of 120 L capacity compared to thecurrent 240 L bins. Collected garbage is assumed to be processed in a high-performingMechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) facility as per Option 2.For kerbside recyclables a high level of service is assumed, with separate fortnightlycollections provided both for commingled containers using 240 L bins and for paper andcardboard using 120 L bins (SUDs) and 240 L bins (MUDs). In providing such a high level ofservice, the total quantity of recyclables collected will likely be greater than all the otheroptions considered, as has been the case for Councils employing such systems in GreaterSydney. No garden organics collection service is provided under this option.Option 6This option corresponds to a single bin system with all generated waste placed in thegarbage bin for collection. To ensure that there is adequate capacity for SUDs, two collectionper week will be required using 240 L MGBs (currently SUDs are provided with a wastecapacity of 330 L per week: 240 L for garbage and 90 L for recyclables). A 240 L MGB weeklygarbage service will be provided to MUDs as is currently the case.Collected garbage is assumed to be processed in a high-performing Mechanical BiologicalTreatment (MBT) incorporating front end sorting process to separate recyclables prior tobiological treatment.Option 7This system is the same as Option 1 with the exception that the collected garbage is sent toa fully engineered landfill incorporating an efficient landfill gas recovery and energygeneration system.Liverpool City Council30Waste Avoidance and Resource Recovery Strategy
Page 3: TABLE OF CONTENTSPART 1: ..........
Page 6 and 7: 1 INTRODUCTIONLiverpool City Counci
Page 8 and 9: 2 BACKGROUNDTo provide the framewor
Page 10 and 11: In the period 1991 to 2001, the pop
Page 12 and 13: Table 3.3 Domestic Waste Collection
Page 14: 3.4.2 CurrentThe total current (200
Page 17 and 18: Dirt/Ash/Ceramics,6%Other, 13%Hazar
Page 19 and 20: 3.6.1 Kerbside Recycling Yield, Con
Page 21 and 22: Table 3.7: Comparison of DEC-Prefer
Page 23 and 24: Increased diversion can be achieved
Page 25 and 26: 4 WASTE LEGISLATION AND POLICY4.1 L
Page 27 and 28: • Reducing toxic substances in pr
Page 29 and 30: amounts to increasing the resource
Page 31 and 32: 5 TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE EVALUATION OF
Page 33: OptionSingle Unit Dwellings Multi U
Page 40 and 41: • Assessment of alternative waste
Page 42 and 43: OptionTable 5.4: Assumed Extent of
Page 44 and 45: OptionGarbageTable 5.5: System Cost
Page 46 and 47: ) Environmental PerformanceThe envi
Page 48 and 49: Single Unit Dwellings2.0E+07Load CV
Page 50 and 51: Single Unit Dwellings$15$10Eco $/hh
Page 52 and 53: 5.2.4 ConclusionsOn the basis of th
Page 54 and 55: 6 ACTION AND IMPLEMENTATION PROGRAM
Page 56 and 57: Waste Avoidanceand Resource Recover
Page 58 and 59: d) Action MatrixKey Actions Timefra
Page 60 and 61: Key Actions Timeframe Groups Involv
Page 64 and 65: The materials currently recovered f
Page 68 and 69: 6.4 Charging for Waste Management S
Page 70 and 71: Key Actions Timeframe Groups Involv
Page 72 and 73: Liverpool City Council (2004), Soci
Page 76 and 77: 6.7 Development Controls for Waste
Page 78 and 79: 6.8 Commercial and Industrial Waste
Page 80 and 81: 6.9 Household Clean-upa) Strategic
Page 82 and 83: 6.10 Multi Unit Dwellingsa) Strateg
Page 84:
6.11 Illegal Dumpinga) Strategic Ob
Page 88 and 89:
6.12 Problem Wastesa) Strategic Obj
Page 90 and 91:
d) Action MatrixKey Actions Timefra
Page 92 and 93:
6.13 Recovery and Disposal of Counc
Page 94 and 95:
Resource NSW (2003), Specification
Page 96 and 97:
NSW Department of Environment and C
Page 98 and 99:
7 CONCLUSIONSFrom the assessment of
Page 100 and 101:
8 REFERENCESDEC NSW & UNSW (2003),
Page 102 and 103:
Appendix AReview of Waste-Related L
Page 104:
However, it should be noted that th
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