Exs. 8-10; KSR Ma<strong>in</strong> Br. at 23-27). The optional position sensor (42) disclosed <strong>in</strong> the'565 Patent follows this teach<strong>in</strong>g. Teleflex's assertion that "(t)he novelty <strong>of</strong>the EngelgauPatent stems from the decision to separate the pedal from the electronic control" (pltf.Opp. Br. at 11) flies <strong>in</strong> the face <strong>of</strong> the '565 Patent itself: the optional position sensor (42)disclosed <strong>in</strong> the '565 Patent is engaged with the pivot shaft the disclosed position-(54) <strong>of</strong>, adjustable pedal assembly (22), <strong>in</strong> precisely the same way as is shown <strong>in</strong> the prior ar(KSR Ma<strong>in</strong> Br. at 25 & Exs. 9.;10).The prosecution history <strong>of</strong>the '565 Patent also belies Teleflex's speculation (pltf.Opp. Mem. at 20) that the Exam<strong>in</strong>er <strong>of</strong>the '565 Patent application supposedly recognzedthe <strong>in</strong>validity arguents put <strong>for</strong>ward by KSR here<strong>in</strong>, and supposedly <strong>for</strong>med a legalconclusion as to the patentabilty <strong>of</strong> claim 4 <strong>of</strong>the '565 Patent notwthstand<strong>in</strong>g thosearguments. As described at pp. 3-7 above, Teleflex procured allowance <strong>of</strong> claim 4 òfthe'565 Patent by (a) fil<strong>in</strong>g an amendment to its orig<strong>in</strong>al claims that the added limitation,"where<strong>in</strong> the position <strong>of</strong> said pivot (24) rema<strong>in</strong>s constant while said pedal ar (14), moves <strong>in</strong> <strong>for</strong>e and aft directions with respect to said support" (compare Exhibit 2 heretowith Exhibit 6 hereto), and then (b) argu<strong>in</strong>g that with this limitation, the subject matter <strong>of</strong>Claim 4 allegedly Was patentably dist<strong>in</strong>ct from the'prior ar. Teleflex's prosecutionamendment and argument are flatly <strong>in</strong>consistent with its theory, put <strong>for</strong>ward <strong>for</strong> the firsttime <strong>in</strong> opposition to sumar judgment, that the "non-mov<strong>in</strong>g pivot" limitation addediby the amendment was known to exist <strong>in</strong> a brake pedal system disclosed <strong>in</strong> U.S. PatentNo. 5,632,183 to RIxon (pltf. Opp~ Br. at 20).At all events, "(a) patent, <strong>in</strong> the last analysis, simply represents a legal conclusionreached by the Patent Office", typically "<strong>in</strong> an ex pare proceed<strong>in</strong>g, without the aid <strong>of</strong>the17
arguents which could be advanced by parties <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> prov<strong>in</strong>g patent <strong>in</strong>validity. IILear, Inc. v. Adk<strong>in</strong>s, 395 U.S. 653, 670 (1969). Such legal conclusions are not b<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gon this Court, and <strong>in</strong>deed are not even subject to "deference" on direct appeal fromdetermnations <strong>of</strong>the Patent Office <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>ter pares proceed<strong>in</strong>gs. See In re Baker Hughes,Inc., 215 F.3d 1297, 1300 (Fed. Cir. 2000). Whateverunariculated legal reason(s) mayhave la<strong>in</strong> beh<strong>in</strong>d the Exam<strong>in</strong>er's allowance <strong>of</strong>'565 Patent claim 4 followig his receipt <strong>of</strong>an arguent that Teleflex now attempts to disavow, those unown and unkowablereason(s) have no bearng on <strong>KSR's</strong> motion. Cf. Celeritas Techs. Ltd. v. Rockwell Int'lCo., 150 F.3d 1354, 1360-61 (Fed. Cir. 1998), cert.denied, 525 U.S. 1106 (1999) (patentheld <strong>in</strong>valid over reference that had been disclosed to Patent Office).Teleflex's opposition also ignores a legion <strong>of</strong>Supreme Cour decisions hold<strong>in</strong>gthat "(t)he mere aggregation <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> old parts or elements, which, <strong>in</strong> theaggregation, per<strong>for</strong>m or produce no new or different fuction or operation than thattheret<strong>of</strong>ore per<strong>for</strong>med or produced by them, is not patentable <strong>in</strong>vention. II Great At!. &Pac. Tea Co. v. Supermarket Equip. Corp., 340 U.S. 147, 152 (1950).12 Here it is 'undisputed that asserted claim 4 <strong>of</strong>the '565 Patent, as wrtten, merely "unte(s) old12 Accord Sakaida v. Ag Pro. Inc., 425 U.S. 273, 281-82 (1976); Anderson's-BlackRock. Inc. v. Pavement Salvage Co., 396 U.S. 57, 60 (1969); Toledo Pressed Steel Co. v.Standard Pars, Inc., 307 U.S. 350, 355-56 (1939); L<strong>in</strong>coln Eng<strong>in</strong>eer<strong>in</strong>g Co. v. Stewar-Warer Corp., 303 U.S. 545,549 (1938); Altoona Publix Theatres, Inc. v. American Tri-Ergon Corp., 294 U.S. 477, 486 (1935); Picker<strong>in</strong>g v. McCullou~, 104 U.S. 310,318(1881); Reckendorferv. Faber, 92 U.S. 347,356-57 (1875); Hailes v. Van Wormer, 87U.S. (20 WalL.) 353,368 (1873). Teleflex's assertion that "COurS traditionallyhave beenskeptical <strong>of</strong>' <strong>in</strong>validity challenges based on obviousness (pltf. Opp. Mem. at 7) isunsupported and <strong>in</strong>supportable. The Supreme Court has "observed a notorious differencebetween the standards applied by the Patent Offce and by the courts." Graham v. JohnDeere Co., 383 U.S. 1, 18 (1966) (hold<strong>in</strong>g two patents <strong>in</strong>valid under 35 U.S.C. § 103).18
- Page 3 and 4: TABLE OF AUTHORITIESPaee(s)Altoona
- Page 5 and 6: United Carbon Co. v. Binney & Smith
- Page 7 and 8: invalidity under 35 U.S.C: § 103 (
- Page 10 and 11: -- In an Offce Action dated Novembe
- Page 12 and 13: just in case there could be an argu
- Page 14 and 15: -- Conventional, off-the-shelf peda
- Page 16 and 17: Here there is no dispute as to any
- Page 18 and 19: n. "OBVIOUSNESS" MUST BE DETERMIND
- Page 20 and 21: Teleflex's argument is erroneous at
- Page 24 and 25: elements with no change in their re
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- Page 28: ,e ePlaintiffTeleflex Incorporated
- Page 31 and 32: .. ,). ../ IN THE UNTED STATES PATE
- Page 33 and 34: REMAClais 20-23 remai in ths applic
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- Page 37 and 38: Serial Number: 09/643,422Page 3Ar.U
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- Page 41 and 42: 'u.s. Patent . Oct. 24, 1995 Sheet
- Page 43 and 44: u.s. Patent Oct. 24, 1995 Sheet 3 o
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- Page 47 and 48: "/ )1ADJUSTABLE CONTROL PEDALAPPART
- Page 49 and 50: 5adjuster member utizig the guide b
- Page 51 and 52: 5,460,0619porton inboard of the slo
- Page 53 and 54: PATENT NO. :DATEDJNVENTOA(S) : ,UNI
- Page 55 and 56: United States Patent (19)Smith et a
- Page 57 and 58: . u.s. Patent Nov. 12, 1991 Sheet 2
- Page 59 and 60: , u.s. Patent Nov. 12, 1991 Sheet 4
- Page 61 and 62: 1ACCELERATOR PEDAL ASSEMBLYTECHNICA
- Page 63 and 64: 565,063,811FIG. 1 to the wide-open-
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5The subject inventionADJUSTABLE PE
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S 3 'as set fort in clai l wherein
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--,.ApplicationOfficë Action Summa
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Serial Number: 09/236,975Page 3Ar U
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",U.S.S.N 09/236,975 2..,. .~-,!.,0
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US.S.N 09/236,975 4aft directions t
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Form PTO-1449 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AT
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L-Sheet -i of -i ==.5FORM l'O.1449
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Sheet -- of -l.. b ~~ C'~ §g.' l:
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DECLARATION OF JAMES w: DABNEY and