The Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide - Uniformed Services ...

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" Getting the best possible fit; try on fins with booties or other foot gear thatyou’ll be using with the fins.Face MasksA face-mask is required for swimming as prolongedexposure to salt water and/or stinging marine organismsmay cause eye irritation or injury.For open water swimming, youshoulduse your face masks.Open Water TrainingThere is no substitute for ocean or lake swimming. Training in open water will forceyou to swim straight and develop a cycle of breathing that allows you to look forward inorder to navigate. This is an essential skill for operational swimming. Group swims in openwater are an excellent way to maintain fitness and should be used extensively in SEALtraining programs. Open water training will maximize the training effect of using fins.For operational open water swimming,the sidestroke with a flutterkickis superior to freestyle.In rough open water and under operational circumstances you may want to combinea scissor kick with a sidestroke pulling technique to maximize your navigational ability andwatch for breaking waves. However, sculling is as important in the sidestroke as it is infreestyle. Both arms should be used to incorporate sculling motions and to stabilize theswimmer's trunk while the kick provides the main thrust. There are stroke efficiency issueswith the sidestroke just as there are in other swimming strokes. Stroke coaching isinvaluable in developing good technique.Water Temperature Issues76 Swimming for Fitness
Cold water is an issue to be addressed by SEALs training in open water. Althoughthe work of swimming generates heat, there is heat loss created by movement of theswimmer into new “unheated” cold water. Thus, open water swimming may requirevarious combinations of passive thermal protective gear, in particular, wet suits. The threedeterminants for passive thermal protection are:" Temperature" Length of the swim" Effort levelIt is important to remember that wet suits operate by allowing the body heat to betransferred to a layer of water caught between the body and the neoprene material of thesuit. Convective heat loss from the swimmer's body is greatly reduced by this mechanismand as a result, swimming at a high effort while wearing a wet suit allows the swimmer togenerate and retain heat. Guidelines have been developed for training and are presented inthis section.Research has established some known “bench mark” facts about operating in a coldwater environment. In very cold water (below 40° F), the unprotected swimmer loses heatfaster than an immobile person immersed in the same cold water. Heat generation simplydoes not keep up with losses. The immobile person warms the cold water immediatelyaround his body thereby limiting total heat loss. However, in moderately cold water(around 68° F), an elite class swimmer may stay active, and the heat generated byswimming keeps pace with overall losses (although the swimmer may develop cold feetand hands). In this situation, the active swimmer outperforms the immobile person withrespect to maintenance of core body temperature. Currently we do not know the crossovertemperature point or the water temperature at which it is better to remain stationary thanactive in the water for thermal balance.Passive thermal protection modifies this balance by reducing the convectivecomponent of heat loss. As a result, a swimmer may extend training durations beyond thosepossible without passive thermal protection. Diving medicine specialists at BUDS haveThe Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide 77
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The Navy SEAL PhysicalFitness Guide
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About the AuthorsCAPT Frank K. Butl
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Warfare (SEAL) personnel, U.S. Mari
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An Introduction byRADM Raymond C. S
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Chapter 2 SEAL Mission-Related Phys
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Underwater Training 86Varying Your
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Elements of a Load-Bearing Conditio
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Summary of Ergogenic Agents 244Prot
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Table 3-13. Workload Conversion She
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Table 15-2. Alternate Activities fo
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Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
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Table 0-1. Skill- and Health-Relate
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Aerobic Metabolism: Most of the ene
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MET (Metabolic Equivalent Unit): A
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Type I Muscle FibersType I muscle f
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Figure 1-1. Muscle Fiber Compositio
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Measure your heart rate by taking y
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Figure 1-4. An Example for Determin
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Table 1-2. Percentage Contributed b
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if you were exercising continuously
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" Decrease in maximal aerobic capac
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Swimming is not the only mission-re
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Combat Swimmer OperationsWith the c
Page 50 and 51: Winter Warfare operations often req
Page 52 and 53: Table 2-2. Physical Requirements fo
Page 54 and 55: SummaryThe most important types of
Page 56 and 57: Basics Concepts ofCardiorespiratory
Page 58 and 59: Anaerobic PowerHow much strenuous w
Page 60 and 61: " The degree of aerobic training is
Page 62 and 63: Table 3-2. Stages and Work Rates fo
Page 64 and 65: 40 Cardiorespiratory ConditioningHe
Page 66 and 67: many challenges. It is also a very
Page 68 and 69: " A stroke rate between 24 and 30 p
Page 70 and 71: hr, and a moderate workout would be
Page 72 and 73: than 35 steps/minute, whereas a hig
Page 74 and 75: Other Terms for Work RateOther term
Page 76 and 77: 52 Cardiorespiratory Conditioning
Page 78 and 79: Running GearRunning ShoesA good pai
Page 80 and 81: " Cantilever is a concave outsole d
Page 82 and 83: If you have high arches you will ne
Page 84 and 85: Sometimes low cost, over-the-counte
Page 86 and 87: Table 4-2. Running Surfaces: From B
Page 88 and 89: FootstrikeFor most runners, other t
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4-5. Ways to Increase Runnin
Page 92 and 93: " After you finish, stretch and wal
Page 94 and 95: Table 4-5. Frequency of Running Inj
Page 96 and 97: Open Water GearIn the pure sense th
Page 98 and 99: Table 5-1. Recommended Fin TypesTyp
Page 102 and 103: developed guidelines for use of pas
Page 104 and 105: These are useful to develop the fee
Page 106 and 107: Figure 5-2 illustrates how the diff
Page 108 and 109: Freestyle Swim: 10 x 100 m with 45
Page 110 and 111: Underwater TrainingSwimming underwa
Page 112 and 113: For beginning freestyle swimmers, a
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-7. Side and Front Views of
Page 116 and 117: " One Arm Freestyle: May be done wi
Page 118 and 119: Technology has allowed the developm
Page 120 and 121: The TIME you spend on weight traini
Page 122 and 123: Determining Repetition MaximumsThe
Page 124 and 125: Table 6-4. Intensity Levels Relativ
Page 126 and 127: Table 6-6. Strength Development Pha
Page 128 and 129: Table 6-8. Week 1: Circuit Training
Page 130 and 131: Cooling Down andStretchingUpon the
Page 132 and 133: 108 Strength Training
Page 134 and 135: alanced physical conditioning progr
Page 136 and 137: The quadriceps muscle is quickly st
Page 138 and 139: above, when a muscle is slowly stre
Page 140 and 141: physical activity whether it be str
Page 142 and 143: Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
Page 144 and 145: Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
Page 146 and 147: Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
Page 148 and 149: Table 7-2. Static Stretch Exercises
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Table 7-2. Static Stretch Exercises
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" Sudy, Mitchell (Ed.). Personal Tr
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Increasing the number of repetition
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A unit's PT schedule should beflexi
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" Incorporate a total body flexibil
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neck into flexion. The fingertips o
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For a 30-minute workout, choose 1 t
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Table 8-2. Recommended Calisthenics
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endurance. Depending on the fitness
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156 CalisthenicsTable 8-4. Buddy Ex
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Resources" Gain W., Hartmann J. Str
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Plyometric training is very intense
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Recommended shoes are those that pr
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stress on the muscles, joints, and
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Plyometric TrainingPlyometric train
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-4. Upper Body PlyometricsEx
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174 Plyometrics
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" Physiological and environmental f
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Figure 10-1. Workload and Energy Ex
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Lack of sleep can compromise your m
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" One hump at least every other wee
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184 Load-Bearing
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Training in HotEnvironmentsExercisi
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" Dehydration." Salt depletion." Il
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" Optimize acclimation by a careful
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HypothermiaA lowering of body core
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Training at AltitudeAn athlete’s
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Acclimation to AltitudeProlonged ex
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transient and reversible.Although m
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Treatments for Training-Related Inj
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Table 12-1. Tips for Applying Ice:
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" Increased blood pressure." Decrea
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Return to Mission-Related TasksUlti
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Sprains and StrainsLigaments attach
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" A change in shoe wear (worn out s
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Table 12-5. Musculoskeletal Injurie
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Running and HikingRunning and hikin
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over a period of several days. A da
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218 Training and Sports Related Inj
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220 Training and Sports Related Inj
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use of AAS for improved competitive
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How Anabolic Steroids AlterMetaboli
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permanent impairment, and some arep
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Table 13-3. Physiologic Effects of
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Exercise itself induces these same
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effects of rEPO are actually simila
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234 Harmful Substances that Affect
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Training for SkiingA high skill lev
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to avoid a recurrence of previous i
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Table 14-3. A PT Program for High M
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Supplements are a quick and conveni
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Strength and flexibility are closel
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Table 15-3. Basic Physical Training
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Table 15-4. Total Body Physical Tra
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A Physical Fitness Programfor Comin
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Table 15-7. Re-Entry Physical Train
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Table 15-9. Selected Stretching Exe
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Final Comments From:RADM SmithThis
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Many of the exercises in the RADM S
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264 Physical Fitness and Training R
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Exercise Instruction Diagram3/4 Squ
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBackCur
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Exercise Instruction DiagramShoulde
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBarbell
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Exercise Instruction DiagramWrist C
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CommonTerms forMuscle GroupsHip Ext
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Figure B-2. Selected Muscles of the
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Figure B-4. Selected Muscles of the
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massage feet, apply foot power, cha
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