The Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide - Uniformed Services ...

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alanced physical conditioning program designed to improve both musclestrength and flexibility. Strength and flexibility training should be consideredinterdependent since both are involved in the degree and quality of movementacross a joint.Muscles that are strengthened should be stretched, and vice versa. An intensestrength workout can cause microtrauma to the muscles, and the process of recovery canshorten the muscles and connective tissue. Stretching prevents this shortening which couldcontribute to muscle strains or other overuse injuries (e.g., tendonitis, fasciitis).Flexibility training, without concurrent strength training, weakens the muscles andconnective tissue and places the joints and muscles at risk for sprains, partial and completedislocations, and muscle strains. Strengthening the muscles surrounding a stretched jointhelps stabilize the joint and improve muscular function, thus decreasing the likelihood ofinjury.Overstretching may lead to injury; however, as long as a flexibility program is wellbalanced with strength training, this possibility is negligible.DefinitionFlexibility is the ability of a limb to move freelyabout a joint through a full range of motion.In the case of Special Warfare Operators, flexibility refers to the optimum range ofmotion surrounding a particular joint that is necessary for peak performance. Range ofmotion is specific to each joint and dependent upon:" Joint surfaces and capsule and the degree of movement required for the jointto function." Muscles, tendons, ligaments and connective tissue associated with limbmovement around a joint (for definitions see Chapter 1)." Strength of the musculature surrounding the joint.There are two types of flexibility:dynamic and static.Dynamic or active flexibility refers to the speed attained within a range of motionat the joint during physical performance. This type of flexibility involves the intrinsicmusculature surrounding the joint and its ability to overcome resistance to motion. Anexample would be the flexibility required to throw a baseball, punch a boxing opponent, or110 Flexibility
perform a martial arts kick. Static or passive flexibility refers to the maximal range ofmotion of a joint during passive movement induced by an external source (e.g., a partner,equipment, gravity). The range of static flexibility is always greater than that of dynamicflexibility.The Stretch Reflex and theLengthening ReactionThe stretch reflex and the lengthening reaction are joint-protective mechanisms inwhich sensory organs, located in the muscles and tendons surrounding a joint, are activatedwhen muscles are stretched. As seen in Figure 7-1, the two sensory organs involved inmonitoring muscle tightness are the muscle spindle cells and golgi tendon organs (GTOs).Figure 7-1. Graphical Representations of MuscleSpindles and Golgi Tendon OrgansSensory NeuronsInhibitory NeuronGolgi Tendon Organ(GTO)Muscle Spindle CellThe stretch reflex involves muscle spindles which lie parallel to the muscle fiber.These spindles are very sensitive to changes in muscle length. When the muscle stretches,muscle spindles send signals to the spinal cord, which in turn, sends signals to the muscletelling it to contract in order to protect the muscle from potential tissue damage. The classicexample of the stretch reflex occurs when a physician taps a patient just below the kneecap.The Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide 111
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The Navy SEAL PhysicalFitness Guide
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About the AuthorsCAPT Frank K. Butl
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Warfare (SEAL) personnel, U.S. Mari
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An Introduction byRADM Raymond C. S
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Chapter 2 SEAL Mission-Related Phys
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Underwater Training 86Varying Your
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Elements of a Load-Bearing Conditio
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Summary of Ergogenic Agents 244Prot
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Table 3-13. Workload Conversion She
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Table 15-2. Alternate Activities fo
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Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
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Table 0-1. Skill- and Health-Relate
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Aerobic Metabolism: Most of the ene
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MET (Metabolic Equivalent Unit): A
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Type I Muscle FibersType I muscle f
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Figure 1-1. Muscle Fiber Compositio
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Measure your heart rate by taking y
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Figure 1-4. An Example for Determin
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Table 1-2. Percentage Contributed b
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if you were exercising continuously
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" Decrease in maximal aerobic capac
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Swimming is not the only mission-re
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Combat Swimmer OperationsWith the c
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Winter Warfare operations often req
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Table 2-2. Physical Requirements fo
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SummaryThe most important types of
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Basics Concepts ofCardiorespiratory
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Anaerobic PowerHow much strenuous w
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" The degree of aerobic training is
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Table 3-2. Stages and Work Rates fo
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40 Cardiorespiratory ConditioningHe
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many challenges. It is also a very
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" A stroke rate between 24 and 30 p
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hr, and a moderate workout would be
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than 35 steps/minute, whereas a hig
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Other Terms for Work RateOther term
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52 Cardiorespiratory Conditioning
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Running GearRunning ShoesA good pai
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" Cantilever is a concave outsole d
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If you have high arches you will ne
Page 84 and 85: Sometimes low cost, over-the-counte
Page 86 and 87: Table 4-2. Running Surfaces: From B
Page 88 and 89: FootstrikeFor most runners, other t
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4-5. Ways to Increase Runnin
Page 92 and 93: " After you finish, stretch and wal
Page 94 and 95: Table 4-5. Frequency of Running Inj
Page 96 and 97: Open Water GearIn the pure sense th
Page 98 and 99: Table 5-1. Recommended Fin TypesTyp
Page 100 and 101: " Getting the best possible fit; tr
Page 102 and 103: developed guidelines for use of pas
Page 104 and 105: These are useful to develop the fee
Page 106 and 107: Figure 5-2 illustrates how the diff
Page 108 and 109: Freestyle Swim: 10 x 100 m with 45
Page 110 and 111: Underwater TrainingSwimming underwa
Page 112 and 113: For beginning freestyle swimmers, a
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-7. Side and Front Views of
Page 116 and 117: " One Arm Freestyle: May be done wi
Page 118 and 119: Technology has allowed the developm
Page 120 and 121: The TIME you spend on weight traini
Page 122 and 123: Determining Repetition MaximumsThe
Page 124 and 125: Table 6-4. Intensity Levels Relativ
Page 126 and 127: Table 6-6. Strength Development Pha
Page 128 and 129: Table 6-8. Week 1: Circuit Training
Page 130 and 131: Cooling Down andStretchingUpon the
Page 132 and 133: 108 Strength Training
Page 136 and 137: The quadriceps muscle is quickly st
Page 138 and 139: above, when a muscle is slowly stre
Page 140 and 141: physical activity whether it be str
Page 142 and 143: Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
Page 144 and 145: Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
Page 146 and 147: Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
Page 148 and 149: Table 7-2. Static Stretch Exercises
Page 156 and 157: " Sudy, Mitchell (Ed.). Personal Tr
Page 158 and 159: Increasing the number of repetition
Page 160 and 161: A unit's PT schedule should beflexi
Page 162 and 163: " Incorporate a total body flexibil
Page 164 and 165: neck into flexion. The fingertips o
Page 166 and 167: For a 30-minute workout, choose 1 t
Page 168 and 169: Table 8-2. Recommended Calisthenics
Page 178 and 179: endurance. Depending on the fitness
Page 180 and 181: 156 CalisthenicsTable 8-4. Buddy Ex
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Plyometric training is very intense
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Recommended shoes are those that pr
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stress on the muscles, joints, and
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Plyometric TrainingPlyometric train
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-4. Upper Body PlyometricsEx
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174 Plyometrics
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" Physiological and environmental f
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Figure 10-1. Workload and Energy Ex
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Lack of sleep can compromise your m
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" One hump at least every other wee
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184 Load-Bearing
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Training in HotEnvironmentsExercisi
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" Dehydration." Salt depletion." Il
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" Optimize acclimation by a careful
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HypothermiaA lowering of body core
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Training at AltitudeAn athlete’s
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Acclimation to AltitudeProlonged ex
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transient and reversible.Although m
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Treatments for Training-Related Inj
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Table 12-1. Tips for Applying Ice:
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" Increased blood pressure." Decrea
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Return to Mission-Related TasksUlti
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Sprains and StrainsLigaments attach
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" A change in shoe wear (worn out s
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Table 12-5. Musculoskeletal Injurie
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Running and HikingRunning and hikin
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over a period of several days. A da
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218 Training and Sports Related Inj
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220 Training and Sports Related Inj
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use of AAS for improved competitive
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How Anabolic Steroids AlterMetaboli
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permanent impairment, and some arep
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Table 13-3. Physiologic Effects of
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Exercise itself induces these same
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effects of rEPO are actually simila
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234 Harmful Substances that Affect
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Training for SkiingA high skill lev
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to avoid a recurrence of previous i
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Table 14-3. A PT Program for High M
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Supplements are a quick and conveni
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Strength and flexibility are closel
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Table 15-3. Basic Physical Training
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Table 15-4. Total Body Physical Tra
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A Physical Fitness Programfor Comin
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Table 15-7. Re-Entry Physical Train
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Table 15-9. Selected Stretching Exe
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Final Comments From:RADM SmithThis
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Many of the exercises in the RADM S
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264 Physical Fitness and Training R
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Exercise Instruction Diagram3/4 Squ
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBackCur
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Exercise Instruction DiagramShoulde
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBarbell
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Exercise Instruction DiagramWrist C
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CommonTerms forMuscle GroupsHip Ext
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Figure B-2. Selected Muscles of the
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Figure B-4. Selected Muscles of the
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massage feet, apply foot power, cha
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