The Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide - Uniformed Services ...

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above, when a muscle is slowly stretched and held, the resulting tension triggers thelengthening reaction which prevents the stretched muscle fibers from contracting. Whenthis stretched muscle is then isometrically contracted, the following happens:" During an isometric contraction, some fibers will contract, but others willstretch even further. When the contraction is stopped, the contracted fibersreturn to their starting position, while the stretched fibers retain theirstretched position (due to muscle spindle accommodation) and are able tolengthen even further." The increased tension within the muscles generated by an isometric contractionactivates the GTO which triggers the lengthening reaction, and inhibitsfurther contraction. When the isometric contraction is stopped, the muscle isstill inhibited from further contraction and able to lengthen further.The final stretch, which follows isometric contraction, takes advantage of themuscle's ability to elongate further, and allows the muscle, tendon, and sense organs toadapt to greater lengths.It is best to have a partner help whenusing PNF techniques.A common PNF technique is referred to as the “contract-relax method”.Instructions for and a pictorial representation of this method are provided in Figure 7-2.This technique uses passive stretch and isometric contractions, followed by musclerelaxation and passive stretching to the new range of motion. For example, if you arestretching your hamstrings, you first passively take the stretch to the point of tightness andhold. Then you isometrically contract the hamstrings by using this muscle to apply forceagainst an object or partner (See Figure 7-2). Following the contraction, the muscle isallowed to relax and the muscle is then passively stretched and held. Currentrecommendations suggest performing this technique with one to five repetitions, but likeweight training, it needs to be done no more than three to five times a week.114 Flexibility
Figure 7-2. Contract-Relax PNF Technique1. Passive stretch for 15 sec2. Isometric contraction for 7 - 15 sec3. Passive stretch to new end ROM for 15 secRepeat 1 - 5 timesIt is interesting to note that many stretches (including some of those illustrated inthis chapter) can be performed statically, dynamically, or using PNF, depending on thegoals of a stretching program.Warming-Up and StretchingStretching is not the same as a warm-up.Many individuals stretch in a misguided attempt to warm-up; however, stretchingand warm-up should be considered distinctly different activities. A warm-up prepares thebody for the activity that is to follow. The two types of warm-up are general and activityspecific.Physiologic changes that occur during warm-up include increases in muscletemperature, blood flow, oxygen delivery to the muscles, and skeletal muscle metabolism.Warm-up benefits include injury prevention and an improvement in performance.A warm-up should always precede anyThe Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide 115
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The Navy SEAL PhysicalFitness Guide
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About the AuthorsCAPT Frank K. Butl
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Warfare (SEAL) personnel, U.S. Mari
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An Introduction byRADM Raymond C. S
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Chapter 2 SEAL Mission-Related Phys
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Underwater Training 86Varying Your
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Elements of a Load-Bearing Conditio
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Summary of Ergogenic Agents 244Prot
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Table 3-13. Workload Conversion She
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Table 15-2. Alternate Activities fo
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Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
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Table 0-1. Skill- and Health-Relate
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Aerobic Metabolism: Most of the ene
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MET (Metabolic Equivalent Unit): A
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Type I Muscle FibersType I muscle f
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Figure 1-1. Muscle Fiber Compositio
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Measure your heart rate by taking y
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Figure 1-4. An Example for Determin
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Table 1-2. Percentage Contributed b
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if you were exercising continuously
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" Decrease in maximal aerobic capac
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Swimming is not the only mission-re
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Combat Swimmer OperationsWith the c
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Winter Warfare operations often req
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Table 2-2. Physical Requirements fo
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SummaryThe most important types of
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Basics Concepts ofCardiorespiratory
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Anaerobic PowerHow much strenuous w
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" The degree of aerobic training is
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Table 3-2. Stages and Work Rates fo
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40 Cardiorespiratory ConditioningHe
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many challenges. It is also a very
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" A stroke rate between 24 and 30 p
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hr, and a moderate workout would be
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than 35 steps/minute, whereas a hig
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Other Terms for Work RateOther term
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52 Cardiorespiratory Conditioning
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Running GearRunning ShoesA good pai
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" Cantilever is a concave outsole d
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If you have high arches you will ne
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Sometimes low cost, over-the-counte
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Table 4-2. Running Surfaces: From B
Page 88 and 89: FootstrikeFor most runners, other t
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4-5. Ways to Increase Runnin
Page 92 and 93: " After you finish, stretch and wal
Page 94 and 95: Table 4-5. Frequency of Running Inj
Page 96 and 97: Open Water GearIn the pure sense th
Page 98 and 99: Table 5-1. Recommended Fin TypesTyp
Page 100 and 101: " Getting the best possible fit; tr
Page 102 and 103: developed guidelines for use of pas
Page 104 and 105: These are useful to develop the fee
Page 106 and 107: Figure 5-2 illustrates how the diff
Page 108 and 109: Freestyle Swim: 10 x 100 m with 45
Page 110 and 111: Underwater TrainingSwimming underwa
Page 112 and 113: For beginning freestyle swimmers, a
Page 114 and 115: Figure 5-7. Side and Front Views of
Page 116 and 117: " One Arm Freestyle: May be done wi
Page 118 and 119: Technology has allowed the developm
Page 120 and 121: The TIME you spend on weight traini
Page 122 and 123: Determining Repetition MaximumsThe
Page 124 and 125: Table 6-4. Intensity Levels Relativ
Page 126 and 127: Table 6-6. Strength Development Pha
Page 128 and 129: Table 6-8. Week 1: Circuit Training
Page 130 and 131: Cooling Down andStretchingUpon the
Page 132 and 133: 108 Strength Training
Page 134 and 135: alanced physical conditioning progr
Page 136 and 137: The quadriceps muscle is quickly st
Page 140 and 141: physical activity whether it be str
Page 142 and 143: Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
Page 144 and 145: Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
Page 146 and 147: Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
Page 148 and 149: Table 7-2. Static Stretch Exercises
Page 156 and 157: " Sudy, Mitchell (Ed.). Personal Tr
Page 158 and 159: Increasing the number of repetition
Page 160 and 161: A unit's PT schedule should beflexi
Page 162 and 163: " Incorporate a total body flexibil
Page 164 and 165: neck into flexion. The fingertips o
Page 166 and 167: For a 30-minute workout, choose 1 t
Page 168 and 169: Table 8-2. Recommended Calisthenics
Page 178 and 179: endurance. Depending on the fitness
Page 180 and 181: 156 CalisthenicsTable 8-4. Buddy Ex
Page 182 and 183: Resources" Gain W., Hartmann J. Str
Page 184 and 185: Plyometric training is very intense
Page 186 and 187: Recommended shoes are those that pr
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stress on the muscles, joints, and
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Plyometric TrainingPlyometric train
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-4. Upper Body PlyometricsEx
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174 Plyometrics
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" Physiological and environmental f
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Figure 10-1. Workload and Energy Ex
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Lack of sleep can compromise your m
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" One hump at least every other wee
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184 Load-Bearing
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Training in HotEnvironmentsExercisi
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" Dehydration." Salt depletion." Il
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" Optimize acclimation by a careful
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HypothermiaA lowering of body core
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Training at AltitudeAn athlete’s
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Acclimation to AltitudeProlonged ex
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transient and reversible.Although m
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Treatments for Training-Related Inj
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Table 12-1. Tips for Applying Ice:
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" Increased blood pressure." Decrea
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Return to Mission-Related TasksUlti
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Sprains and StrainsLigaments attach
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" A change in shoe wear (worn out s
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Table 12-5. Musculoskeletal Injurie
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Running and HikingRunning and hikin
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over a period of several days. A da
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218 Training and Sports Related Inj
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220 Training and Sports Related Inj
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use of AAS for improved competitive
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How Anabolic Steroids AlterMetaboli
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permanent impairment, and some arep
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Table 13-3. Physiologic Effects of
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Exercise itself induces these same
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effects of rEPO are actually simila
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234 Harmful Substances that Affect
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Training for SkiingA high skill lev
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to avoid a recurrence of previous i
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Table 14-3. A PT Program for High M
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Supplements are a quick and conveni
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Strength and flexibility are closel
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Table 15-3. Basic Physical Training
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Table 15-4. Total Body Physical Tra
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A Physical Fitness Programfor Comin
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Table 15-7. Re-Entry Physical Train
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Table 15-9. Selected Stretching Exe
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Final Comments From:RADM SmithThis
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Many of the exercises in the RADM S
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264 Physical Fitness and Training R
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Exercise Instruction Diagram3/4 Squ
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBackCur
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Exercise Instruction DiagramShoulde
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBarbell
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Exercise Instruction DiagramWrist C
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CommonTerms forMuscle GroupsHip Ext
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Figure B-2. Selected Muscles of the
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Figure B-4. Selected Muscles of the
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massage feet, apply foot power, cha
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