The Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide - Uniformed Services ...

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Combat Swimmer OperationsWith the current-day SEAL teamshaving had their origin in the Scouts andRaiders, Naval Combat Demolition Units, andUnderwater Demolition Teams of World WarII, it is not surprising that combat swimmeroperations are still an important part of theNaval Special Warfare mission. Theseoperations may last as little as one or two hoursin some situations, and as long as eight to 10hours in others. You may be swimming on thesurface or swimming underwater compasscourses with the Dräeger LAR V or MK 16closed-circuit underwater breathingapparatuses. These operations are often carriedout in very cold water; thus, hypothermia is aconstant concern. In many instances, you willbe towing something in the water (usuallysomething with a very rapid rate ofcombustion), thereby increasing the effort needed to accomplish the mission. Somemissions involve exiting the water and climbing up the side of a ship using a caving ladderor other climbing apparatus. These are difficult maneuvers under any circumstances, butmuch more so when your hands are numb from cold exposure and you are climbing withweapons, ammunition, and explosives. Regular exposure to cold water immersion willhelp to develop physiological adaptations so that you will fare better when subjectedto cold water on a mission. In addition, both upper body and leg strength are important forshipboarding techniques. Grip strength, in particular, is critical for maintaining a firmhold on the rope or ladder. Caving ladder or rope climbs are very important to developthe muscle groups that will be used for shipboarding; you should do these climbs with gearwhenever possible.Swimming with fins is an activity basic to all SEAL combat swimmer missions andshould be done on a regular basis in team physical training evolutions. Swimming withoutfins, while a very good activity for promoting cardiovascular fitness, is not typicallyrequired for SEAL missions. It is important to mention that encouraging speed on combatswimmer operations is fine for surface swims, but should not be done on underwater swimsbecause of the reduction in the LAR V operating range and increased risk of central nervoussystem oxygen toxicity.High exercise rates under waterincrease the diver's chance ofhaving an oxygen convulsion.24 SEAL Mission-Related Physical Activities
SDV and Dry Deck Shelter OperationsThese operations are basically combatswimmer operations, but ones in which the SDVdoes the majority of the work. They are typicallylonger than operations in which free-swimmingdivers are used, but this is not always the case.As SDV operators, you need to be able toaccomplish the same physical tasks noted forcombat swimmers above. In addition, theseoperations may require significant upper bodystrength to handle the heavy equipment requiredfor the mission both in the Dry Deck Shelter andlater at the objective.Urban WarfareSome SEAL missions call for direct action operations in an urban setting. Althoughit is difficult to generalize, these missions might be expected to require less of a loadbearingchallenge because some form of transportation will often be available. In addition,the distance to be covered on foot will typically be less than many remote missions.Generally, you will need to carry less food and water than with other types of land warfaremissions. Your need for weapons and ammunition, however, will not be reduced, sosignificant gear loads are still a possibility. Additionally, you may need to performdemanding physical tasks, such as sprints and rapid stair climbs, in the urban warfaresetting. Moreover, there is the potential of having to accomplish these maneuvers whilecarrying or dragging a wounded buddy or hostage.Winter Warfare OperationsThe Navy SEAL Physical Fitness Guide 25
Page 2 and 3: The Navy SEAL PhysicalFitness Guide
Page 5 and 6: About the AuthorsCAPT Frank K. Butl
Page 7 and 8: Warfare (SEAL) personnel, U.S. Mari
Page 9: An Introduction byRADM Raymond C. S
Page 12 and 13: Chapter 2 SEAL Mission-Related Phys
Page 14 and 15: Underwater Training 86Varying Your
Page 16 and 17: Elements of a Load-Bearing Conditio
Page 18 and 19: Summary of Ergogenic Agents 244Prot
Page 20 and 21: Table 3-13. Workload Conversion She
Page 22 and 23: Table 15-2. Alternate Activities fo
Page 24 and 25: Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
Page 26 and 27: Table 0-1. Skill- and Health-Relate
Page 28 and 29: Aerobic Metabolism: Most of the ene
Page 30 and 31: MET (Metabolic Equivalent Unit): A
Page 32 and 33: Type I Muscle FibersType I muscle f
Page 34 and 35: Figure 1-1. Muscle Fiber Compositio
Page 36 and 37: Measure your heart rate by taking y
Page 38 and 39: Figure 1-4. An Example for Determin
Page 40 and 41: Table 1-2. Percentage Contributed b
Page 42 and 43: if you were exercising continuously
Page 44 and 45: " Decrease in maximal aerobic capac
Page 46 and 47: Swimming is not the only mission-re
Page 50 and 51: Winter Warfare operations often req
Page 52 and 53: Table 2-2. Physical Requirements fo
Page 54 and 55: SummaryThe most important types of
Page 56 and 57: Basics Concepts ofCardiorespiratory
Page 58 and 59: Anaerobic PowerHow much strenuous w
Page 60 and 61: " The degree of aerobic training is
Page 62 and 63: Table 3-2. Stages and Work Rates fo
Page 64 and 65: 40 Cardiorespiratory ConditioningHe
Page 66 and 67: many challenges. It is also a very
Page 68 and 69: " A stroke rate between 24 and 30 p
Page 70 and 71: hr, and a moderate workout would be
Page 72 and 73: than 35 steps/minute, whereas a hig
Page 74 and 75: Other Terms for Work RateOther term
Page 76 and 77: 52 Cardiorespiratory Conditioning
Page 78 and 79: Running GearRunning ShoesA good pai
Page 80 and 81: " Cantilever is a concave outsole d
Page 82 and 83: If you have high arches you will ne
Page 84 and 85: Sometimes low cost, over-the-counte
Page 86 and 87: Table 4-2. Running Surfaces: From B
Page 88 and 89: FootstrikeFor most runners, other t
Page 90 and 91: Figure 4-5. Ways to Increase Runnin
Page 92 and 93: " After you finish, stretch and wal
Page 94 and 95: Table 4-5. Frequency of Running Inj
Page 96 and 97: Open Water GearIn the pure sense th
Page 98 and 99:
Table 5-1. Recommended Fin TypesTyp
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" Getting the best possible fit; tr
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developed guidelines for use of pas
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These are useful to develop the fee
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Figure 5-2 illustrates how the diff
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Freestyle Swim: 10 x 100 m with 45
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Underwater TrainingSwimming underwa
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For beginning freestyle swimmers, a
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Figure 5-7. Side and Front Views of
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" One Arm Freestyle: May be done wi
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Technology has allowed the developm
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The TIME you spend on weight traini
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Determining Repetition MaximumsThe
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Table 6-4. Intensity Levels Relativ
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Table 6-6. Strength Development Pha
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Table 6-8. Week 1: Circuit Training
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Cooling Down andStretchingUpon the
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108 Strength Training
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alanced physical conditioning progr
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The quadriceps muscle is quickly st
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above, when a muscle is slowly stre
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physical activity whether it be str
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Figure 7-4. Recommended Exercise Se
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Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
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Table 7-1. Dynamic Stretch Exercise
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Table 7-2. Static Stretch Exercises
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" Sudy, Mitchell (Ed.). Personal Tr
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Increasing the number of repetition
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A unit's PT schedule should beflexi
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" Incorporate a total body flexibil
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neck into flexion. The fingertips o
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For a 30-minute workout, choose 1 t
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Table 8-2. Recommended Calisthenics
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endurance. Depending on the fitness
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156 CalisthenicsTable 8-4. Buddy Ex
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Resources" Gain W., Hartmann J. Str
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Plyometric training is very intense
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Recommended shoes are those that pr
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stress on the muscles, joints, and
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Plyometric TrainingPlyometric train
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-3. Plyometric ExercisesExer
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Table 9-4. Upper Body PlyometricsEx
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174 Plyometrics
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" Physiological and environmental f
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Figure 10-1. Workload and Energy Ex
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Lack of sleep can compromise your m
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" One hump at least every other wee
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184 Load-Bearing
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Training in HotEnvironmentsExercisi
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" Dehydration." Salt depletion." Il
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" Optimize acclimation by a careful
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HypothermiaA lowering of body core
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Training at AltitudeAn athlete’s
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Acclimation to AltitudeProlonged ex
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transient and reversible.Although m
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Treatments for Training-Related Inj
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Table 12-1. Tips for Applying Ice:
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" Increased blood pressure." Decrea
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Return to Mission-Related TasksUlti
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Sprains and StrainsLigaments attach
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" A change in shoe wear (worn out s
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Table 12-5. Musculoskeletal Injurie
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Running and HikingRunning and hikin
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over a period of several days. A da
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218 Training and Sports Related Inj
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220 Training and Sports Related Inj
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use of AAS for improved competitive
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How Anabolic Steroids AlterMetaboli
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permanent impairment, and some arep
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Table 13-3. Physiologic Effects of
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Exercise itself induces these same
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effects of rEPO are actually simila
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234 Harmful Substances that Affect
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Training for SkiingA high skill lev
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to avoid a recurrence of previous i
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Table 14-3. A PT Program for High M
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Table 14-4. Nutritional Ergogenic A
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Supplements are a quick and conveni
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Strength and flexibility are closel
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Table 15-3. Basic Physical Training
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Table 15-4. Total Body Physical Tra
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A Physical Fitness Programfor Comin
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Table 15-7. Re-Entry Physical Train
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Table 15-9. Selected Stretching Exe
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Final Comments From:RADM SmithThis
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Many of the exercises in the RADM S
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264 Physical Fitness and Training R
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Exercise Instruction Diagram3/4 Squ
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBackCur
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Exercise Instruction DiagramShoulde
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Exercise Instruction DiagramBarbell
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Exercise Instruction DiagramWrist C
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CommonTerms forMuscle GroupsHip Ext
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Figure B-2. Selected Muscles of the
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Figure B-4. Selected Muscles of the
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massage feet, apply foot power, cha
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