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Binomial Nomenclature• In the 18th century, Carolus Linnaeuspublished a system of taxonomy based onresemblances• Two key features of his system remain usefultoday: two-part names for species andhierarchical classificationCopyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
• The two-part scientific name of a species iscalled a binomial• The first part of the name is the genus• The second part, called the specific epithet, isunique for each species within the genus• The first letter of the genus is capitalized, andthe entire species name is italicized• Both parts together name the species (not thespecific epithet alone)Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings
Page 1 and 2: Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education
Page 3: Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education
Page 15: Chapter 26Phylogeny and the Tree of
Page 18 and 19: Fig. 26-2
Page 22 and 23: Hierarchical Classification• Linn
Page 24 and 25: Fig. 26-3aClass: MammaliaPhylum: Ch
Page 26 and 27: Linking Classification and Phylogen
Page 28 and 29: • Linnaean classification and phy
Page 30 and 31: • A rooted tree includes a branch
Page 32 and 33: What We Can and Cannot Learn fromPh
Page 34 and 35: Fig. 26-6RESULTSMinke(Antarctica)Mi
Page 36 and 37: Fig. 26-6bHumpback(North Atlantic)H
Page 38 and 39: • Phylogenies of anthrax bacteria
Page 40 and 41: Concept 26.2: Phylogenies are infer
Page 42 and 43: Sorting Homology from Analogy• Wh
Page 46 and 47: • Bat and bird wings are homologo
Page 48 and 49: Fig. 26-812DeletionInsertion34
Page 50 and 51: Fig. 26-8b34
Page 54 and 55: Cladistics• Cladistics groups org
Page 56 and 57: Fig. 26-10A A ABGroup IBBC C CDDDE
Page 58 and 59: • A paraphyletic grouping consist
Page 60 and 61: • A polyphyletic grouping consist
Page 62 and 63: Shared Ancestral and Shared Derived
Page 64 and 65: Inferring Phylogenies Using Derived
Page 66 and 67: TurtleFig. 26-11aTAXATunaSalamander
Page 68 and 69: • An outgroup is a species or gro
Page 70 and 71:
Phylogenetic Trees with Proportiona
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• In other trees, branch length c
Page 74 and 75:
Maximum Parsimony and Maximum Likel
Page 76 and 77:
Fig. 26-14HumanMushroomTulipHuman03
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Fig. 26-14b15%5%5%15% 15%10%20%25%T
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Fig. 26-15-1Species ISpecies IISpec
Page 82 and 83:
Fig. 26-15-3Species ISiteSpecies II
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Phylogenetic Trees as Hypotheses•
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• This has been applied to infer
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Fig. 26-17aFront limbHind limbEggs(
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Concept 26.4: An organism’s evolu
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• Orthologous genes are found in
Page 94 and 95:
Fig. 26-18Ancestral geneAncestral s
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Fig. 26-18bSpecies AGene duplicatio
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Concept 26.5: Molecular clocks help
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• Molecular clocks are calibrated
Page 102 and 103:
Neutral Theory• Neutral theory st
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Applying a Molecular Clock: The Ori
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Concept 26.6: New information conti
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Fig. 26-21EUKARYALand plantsDinofla
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Fig. 26-21bSulfolobusThermophilesHa
Page 112 and 113:
A Simple Tree of All Life• The tr
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Fig. 26-22BacteriaEukaryaArchaea4 3
Page 116 and 117:
Fig. 26-23EukaryaBacteriaArchaea
Page 118:
4. Define horizontal gene transfer
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