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- Page 17 and 18: Overview: Investigating the Tree of
- Page 19 and 20: Concept 26.1: Phylogenies show evol
- Page 21 and 22: • The two-part scientific name of
- Page 23 and 24: Fig. 26-3Species:PantherapardusGenu
- Page 25 and 26: Fig. 26-3bSpecies:PantherapardusGen
- Page 27 and 28: Fig. 26-4Order Family GenusSpeciesP
- Page 29 and 30: • A phylogenetic tree represents
- Page 31 and 32: Fig. 26-5Branch point(node)Taxon AA
- Page 33 and 34: Applying Phylogenies• Phylogeny p
- Page 35 and 36: Fig. 26-6aRESULTSMinke(Antarctica)M
- Page 37 and 38: Fig. 26-6cUnknown #10,11, 12Unknown
- Page 39 and 40: Fig. 26-UN1ABCBDCDCBD(a) (b) (c)AA
- Page 41 and 42: Morphological and Molecular Homolog
- Page 43 and 44: Fig. 25-18Close North American rela
- Page 45 and 46: • Convergent evolution occurs whe
- Page 47 and 48: Evaluating Molecular Homologies•
- Page 49 and 50: Fig. 26-8a12DeletionInsertion
- Page 51 and 52: • It is also important to disting
- Page 53 and 54: Concept 26.3: Shared characters are
- Page 55 and 56: • A valid clade is monophyletic,
- Page 57 and 58: Fig. 26-10aABGroup ICDEFG(a) Monoph
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Fig. 26-10bABCDEGroup IIFG(b) Parap
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Fig. 26-10cABCDEGroup IIIFG(c) Poly
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• A shared ancestral character is
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Fig. 26-11TurtleLancelet(outgroup)T
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Fig. 26-11bLancelet(outgroup)Lampre
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• Homologies shared by the outgro
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Fig. 26-12DrosophilaLanceletZebrafi
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Fig. 26-13DrosophilaLanceletZebrafi
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• Maximum parsimony assumes that
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Fig. 26-14aHumanMushroomTulipHuman
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• Computer programs are used to s
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Fig. 26-15-2Species I1CSite2 3T A4T
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Fig. 26-15-4Species I1CSite2 3T A4T
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Fig. 26-16Lizardsand snakesCrocodil
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Fig. 26-17Front limbHind limbEggs(a
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Fig. 26-17b(b) Artist’s reconstru
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Gene Duplications and Gene Families
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• Paralogous genes result from ge
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Fig. 26-18aAncestral geneAncestral
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Genome Evolution• Orthologous gen
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Molecular Clocks• A molecular clo
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Fig. 26-1990Number of mutations6030
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Difficulties with Molecular Clocks
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Fig. 26-20Index of base changes bet
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From Two Kingdoms to Three Domains
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Fig. 26-21aGreen nonsulfur bacteria
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Fig. 26-21cEUKARYALand plantsDinofl
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• There have been substantial int
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Is the Tree of Life Really a Ring?
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You should now be able to:1. Explai