Drive EngineeringOther arrangements • These arrangements are not generallyre<strong>com</strong>mended but they will give satisfactory service if carefullyattended and chain tension is accurately maintained.Operating conditions • The service factors listed in Table1 page C-7 are for normal operating conditions. Increasethese service factors to <strong>com</strong>pensate for any of the followingconditions:Heavy starting loadsFrequent starts and stopsLubrication inferior to method re<strong>com</strong>mendedShort or fixed centersVertical centers, particularly if the small sprocketis in the low positionTwo or more driven shaftsPeriodic load variation in a single revolutionReversals of drive rotationInertia strainsLarge ratiosLubrication • Adequate lubrication is necessary for optimumdrive life. A general guide to the re<strong>com</strong>mended method oflubrication is indicated in the horsepower rating tables. Thesere<strong>com</strong>mendations are based primarily on chain speed. For<strong>com</strong>plete lubrication data, refer to pages C-45 and C-46.Useful formulas • Formulas for calculating horsepower,torque, chain speed, working load and similar values are givenon page H-1.Drive selection procedureAlthough horsepower and speed are the prime considerationsfor selecting a drive, the following information is alsonecessary:Source of powerHorsepower to be transmittedSize and speed of driving shaftDriven equipmentSize and speed of driven shaftApproximate center distance between shaftsRelative position of shaftsSpace limitationsWith this information the selection procedure is as follows:Fig. 6456Establish the service factor • Select a service factor fromTable 1, page C-7, to <strong>com</strong>pensate for the loads imposedon the chain by the type of input power and the type ofequipment to be driven. If the exact driven equipment isnot listed, use the factor for equipment with similar opertingcharacteristics. Increase the service factor, if necessary, inaccordance with the instructions under “Operating Conditions”above.Establish the material or design variation factor • When avariation of standard roller chain is being selected (such asstainless steel chain for corrosion resistance), refer to Table3 on page C-7 and determine the appropriate variation factor.This factor <strong>com</strong>pensates for either the design or materialdifference so that a selection can be made from the standardroller chain rating table.Calculate the equivalent horsepower • Multiply thehorsepower to be transmitted by the service factor (and by thevariation factor, if applicable). This product is the equivalenthorsepower or the value on which the chain selection isbased.Select a trial chain • Standard roller chains are most<strong>com</strong>monly used and are selected from Chart C, page C-5.Single strand chains satisfy most drive requirements; however,multiple strand chains are often required for high speed drives,where space limits sprocket diameters, or where horsepowerrequirements exceed the capacity of single strand chains.Double-pitch chains are often used for slow speed,<strong>com</strong>paratively low horsepower drives on long centers. UseChart D, page C-6, to make a trial chain selection.To make a tentative chain selection, project a horizontal linefrom the horsepower scale and a vertical line from the speedscale based on the equivalent horsepower and the RPM ofthe small sprocket. The area in which the two lines intersectindicates the probable chain requirement.It is often desirable to evaluate selections based on the nextsmaller or next larger chain size, especially if the point ofintersection is near the border of an area.Determine the number of teeth for the small sprocket •The ratings in the horsepower tables apply to single strandchains.If a single strand standard roller chain or a double-pitchroller chain has been tentatively selected, refer directly tothe horsepower rating table for the trial chain (see pagesC-9 to C-43). In the column corresponding to the RPM ofthe small sprocket, find the rating nearest to the equivalenthorsepower. Follow this line horizontally to the left to findthe number of teeth required for the small sprocket.If a single multiple strand trial chain has been selected, therequired rating per strand must be determined in order touse the rating tables. The required table rating per strandis calculated by dividing the equivalent horsepower by theappropriate multiple strand factor from Table 2, page C-7.Now, refer to the horsepower rating table for the trial chain. Inthe column corresponding to the RPM of the small sprocket,find the rating nearest to the required rating per strand justcalculated. Follow this line horizontally to the left to find thenumber of teeth for the small sprocket.Check the small sprocket • Check the bore capacity of thesprocket selected, making sure it will ac<strong>com</strong>modate the drivingshaft. If the initial selection does not have adequate borecapacity, use a sprocket with larger number of teeth, or selecta drive using the next larger pitch of chain.Determine the drive ratio • Divide the speed of the fasterturning shaft by the speed of the slower turning shaft.C - 3C
CDetermine the number of teeth for the large sprocket •Multiply the drive ration by the number of teeth in the smallsprocket.If the drive is to operate in a restricted location, check thesprocket radii against the space limitation. Radial clearancerequired for each sprocket is equal to one-half the sum of itspitch diameter and the chain pitch. Encased drives requirean additional 3" radial clearance. If sufficient space is notavailable, consider a smaller pitch, multiple strand drive.Calculate exact center distance and chain length •Formulas for these calculations are on page C-8.Lubrication • The methods of lubrication shown in thehorsepower rating tables are based primarily on chain speed;however, the relative position of driving and driven shafts ofteninfluence the method of lubrication. Re<strong>com</strong>mendations and<strong>com</strong>plete lubrication information are given on pages C-45and C-46.Drive selection exampleProblemSelect a roller chain drive for the following conditions:Source of powerGearmotorHorsepower to betransmitted10 HPSize of driving shaft 2.438" diameterSpeed of driving shaft 100 RPMDriven equipmentBucket elevator uniformly fedSize of driven shaft 2.938" diameterSpeed of driven shaft 42 RPMApproximate center distance 24.00"Relative position of shafts On same horizontal planeSpace limitationsNoneSolutionService factor • The service factor listed in Table 1 on pageC-7 for a uniformly fed bucket elevator driven by a gearmotoris 1.0.Material or design variation factor • Since the listedconditions do not indicate the need for a variation in chainmaterial or design, select a standard roller chain. Therefore, avariation factor does not apply.Equivalent horsepower • The equivalent horsepower equals:10 x 1.0 = 10 HPTrial <strong>Chain</strong> • From Chart C, page C-5, note that theintersection of the 100 RPM vertical line and the 10 HPhorizontal line falls in the area for No. 100 chain. Thus, the trialchain is No. 100 single strand.Small sprocket • In the No. 100 rating table, page C-23, the100 RPM column lists 10.3 horsepower which correspondsclosely to the equivalent horsepower of 10 required for thisapplication. This rating is for single strand chain when usedwith a 17-tooth sprocket.Check the small sprocket • As shown in the rating table,the maximum bore of a 17-tooth No. 100 sprocket is largerthan the 2.438" bore required; therefore, the selection issatisfactory. Stock sprockets are readily available and areoften more economical.Drive ratio • The drive ratio equals:100 RPM = 2.38 to 142 RPMNumber of teeth in large sprocket • The number of teethin the large sprocket equals: 2.38 x 17 = 40.4 teeth. Use a40-tooth sprocket.Center distance and chain length • Using the formula onpage C-8, calculate the chain length as follows:A = 15.932-6.803 = .190002 x 24From Table 4, page C-8, select the next higher listed valueof .19081 for A. Corresponding factors for B, C and D are1.9633, .4389, and .5611, respectively. The chain length inpitches equals:1.9633 x 24 + (.4389 x 17) + (.5611 x 40) x 1.25 = 67.6011.25Use 68 pitches, which is the nearest even number.Calculate the exact center distance, using 68 pitches:E = 68 -(.4389 x 17) – (.5611 x 40) x 1.25 = 24.254"1.9633Lubrication • The No. 100 rating table specifies Type B bathor disc lubrication. For lubrication and bathing details, seepages C-45 to C-46.The drive selected for this application consists of:17-tooth No. 100 driving sprocket40-tooth No. 100 driven sprocket68 pitches of No. 100 roller chain for 24.254” shaft centers,and an oil-retaining casing foroil bath lubrication.C - 4