Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in - SNV

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Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso Table 1: Main ethnic groups Ethnic % Mossi 48 Peul 10 Bobo 7 Lobi-Dagari 7 Mandé 7 Sénoufo 6 b) Religion The census in 1960, 1991 and recent studies reveal remarkable changes in religious practices. Table 2: Religions: development and regional distribution Religion Main Regions 1960/1961 1991 2005 2007 14 Traditional religion South West (up to 85%) 68.7 25.9 40.0 25% Christians Central 3.8 20.7 10.0 15% Muslims: North 27.5 52.4 50.0 60% c) Household & family Throughout the country, different types of household definitions have to be considered due to traditional cultural values, livelihood systems and religion. Looking at the Mossi, Lobi and Dagara lands, the following definition may simplify the description of the system 15 : a household itself consists of husband, wife and children living under the same roof. Co-wifes and their children have their own houses, thus forming a “concession”, a ring or square of houses around one yard. This “concession” represents the family, with the oldest man recognized as “Chef de Famille”. Several big families living in different yards build a village; they are often interrelated by one common ancestor and thereby constitute a clan. Table 3: Household size, an example from Poni Province Household Members 16 rural Urban 1 person 3,8 % 11,4 % 2 – 5 persons 45,5 % 45,6 % 6 – 9 persons 32,3 % 29,3 10 and more persons 18,4 % 13,7 % d) Women’s role and position Referring to household energy needs and supply, women and girls are key actors. Nevertheless, culturally and economically their daily work is considered as of secondary value 17 , and a disproportionate share of household tasks and responsibilities lead to severe time constraints for women and girls. In addition, carrying up to 20% of their body weight in fuel wood on their head can provoke health problems such as headache and neck and back problems. The spine may become painfully distorted by carrying heavy loads. 14 Atlas de l’Afrique 2005 & http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0857071.html 15 Monographie de la Province du Poni, 2004 16 Monographie de la Province du Poni, 2004 17 F.B.T.R.D Les utilisations des moyens intermédiaires de transport au Burkina Faso, 1999 18
Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso In the South West, women execute all agricultural activities on the fields of their fathers, brothers and husbands, without having the right to own land. The first wife often plays a role as adviser to the husband; and it is appreciated when a woman generates additional income by handicraft, trade and transformation of agricultural products. Dagara women in the South-West do not own the stove they cook on; their husbands are responsible for its correct functioning. It is the husband’s decision – after consultation with his first wife - if the wives should use one common kitchen or cooking area, if each wife has her own cooking space, or if food is prepared in rotation by each wife in turn. Girls may get married from the age of 12 onwards, whereas countrywide the most common age for marriage is around 20. e) Literacy & education Programmes for literacy address people over 10 years; average literacy rates in the Poni province, as one pre-selected province for a potential biogas programme, is around 10.7%. 18 Table 4: Education level Education level Women (%) Men (%) No formal education 48,10 44,34 Primary school 1,01 2,28 Secondary school 0,00 0,01 University 0 0,02 1.2.2 Political and administrative system Implementation of NDPB will have to consider the recently implemented process of decentralisation which impacts on the economic and ecological plans at regional and provincial level: 13 administrative regions are divided into 45 Provinces. Among the 351 communes throughout the country 49 are counted as urban and 302 as rural. In addition to the capital Ouagadougou, other large cities include Bobo-Dioulasso, Koudougou, Kaya, and Ouahigouya. Until the early 1990’s Burkina Faso was very much a centralised state, with an institutional structure inherited from French colonialism. Decisions were taken at the centre and then executed at the local level via the political – administrative hierarchy. In the last 15 years however, the country has been undergoing a process of decentralisation. Driven by an opening towards democratisation, the constitution of 1991 establishes Collectivités Territoriales (CTs) at regional and local level as the basic democratic and administrative entities. Throughout the 1990s, a number of laws were introduced to implement decentralisation of which the most recent is the “Code Géneral des Collectivités Territoriales” adopted in 2004. This latest development in the decentralisation process establishes that local governments are juridical entities, which enjoy financial autonomy. They have replaced the former rural “départements” and urban municipalities by “communes”, having the right to self-administration and to establish their own development plans according to locally set priorities. Both, urban and rural local governments will be 18 Monographie de la Province du Poni, 2004 19
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