Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in - SNV

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Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso cover their daily energy demand for cooking with fuel wood and charcoal, and lighting with kerosene. Table 17: Average need on household energy/year and energy prices for a rural household with 10 persons Fuel wood amount 5,400 kg/year Fuel wood costs 6 FCFA/kg Charcoal amount 240 kg/year Charcoal costs 43 FCFA/kg Kerosene amount 18 ltr./year Kerosene costs 630 FCFA/ltr. Table 18: Energy services compared between currently used household fuel and biogas for a 10 person household Type of source Input Conversion Output efficiencies Unit Energy service from fuel wood used for cooking (4.5 kWh/kg) 24,300.00 6.0 % 1,458.00 kWh/y Energy service from charcoal used for cooking (7 kWh/kg) 1,680.00 22.0 % 369.60 kWh/y Total cooking 1,827.60 Biogas for cooking (6 kWh/m3) 3,384.44 54.0 % 1,827.60 Kerosene lighting service energy (10 kWh/l) 180.00 1.7 % 4.08 kWh/y Biogas for lighting (6 kWh/m3) 180.00 1.7 % 4.08 kWh/y Table 19: Average amount on household energy/year and energy prices for a rural family with 20persons Fuel wood amount 10,800 kg/year Fuel wood costs 6 FCFA/kg Charcoal amount 480 kg/year Charcoal costs 43 FCFA/kg Kerosene amount 36 ltr./year Kerosene costs 630 FCFA/ltr. Table 20: Energy services compared between currently used household fuel and biogas for a 20 person household Type of source Input Conversion Output efficiencies Unit Energy service from fuel wood used for cooking (4.5 kWh/kg) 48,600.00 6.0 % 2916.00 kWh/y Energy service from charcoal used for cooking (7 kWh/kg) 3,360.00 22.0 % 739.20 kWh/y Total cooking 3655.20 Biogas for cooking (6 kWh/m3) 6,768.68 54.0 % 3655.20 Kerosene lighting service energy (10 kWh/l) 360.00 1.7 % 6.12 kWh/y Biogas for lighting (6 kWh/m3) 360.00 1.7 % 6.12 kWh/y 46
Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso 3.1.2 Raw material Available raw material for biogas production on farm household level includes • Agricultural waste Leaves, grass and (pre-composted) shredded straw could be used as biogas raw material, but could even be used for the post-composting of digester effluent in the often already existing compost pits. Pre-composted or presilage ligneous fibres and stalks could produce huge amounts of biogas if shredded and mixed in a biogas plant. Silage or chopped compost can be fermented in a biogas plant and used for supplementary biogas production. Chopped silage of approximately 10 % weight could be added to the daily quantity of slurry up to a dry matter content of 8-10% (for such low cost design the maximum is 1m³ manure/ 100kg silage). By adding silage, the daily gas production could be increased by 60%. For the co-digestion of the silage, approx. 30 minutes of additional work is necessary per day to assure substrate preparation. For practical operation, the time involved can be reduced through an improvement of all organizational and technical processes. • Animal waste The average cattle in permanent or semi-permanent stabling results in a higher live weight and therefore a higher manure production, and as in all intensive livestock programs water is already delivered to the animals in the barn to adopt the animal to a permanent stabling. Table 21: Energy output from different livestock & classification for biogas production TLU Tropical livestock unit Annual biogas potential Source (=250 kg animal live weight) m3/TLU if zero-grazing Donkey 0.4 292 Cattle 0.9 237 Camel 1 292 Goat 0.12 328 Sheep 0.12 328 Horse 1 292 Pork 0.33 273 Poultry 0.01 365 • Food leftover and kitchen waste This consists mainly of organic matter and is relatively digestible. The solid contents of this organic waste are between 20% and 30%. In considering the biogas substrate the basic diet is of great importance, especially when pig breeding is lowered due to Moslem influence. No general statement can be made on this, but a specific assessment in the targeted areas will provide the required data, as the Rapid Household Survey conducted during the Feasibility Study already shows. The quantity of waste produced per person fluctuates a great deal from one situation to the next. Therefore an average amount produced daily by non-pig breeding households must be determined for Burkina Faso. Reports from Egypt states that 85 l of biogas/person/day are produced out of 0.85 kg/person/day of food leftover and kitchen waste, 47
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Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in - SNV

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