Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in - SNV

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Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso b) Human Poverty Index The Human Poverty Index for developing countries (HPI-1) focuses on the proportion of people below a threshold level in the same dimensions of human development as the human development index. By looking beyond income deprivation, the HPI-1 represents a multi-dimensional alternative to the $1 a day (PPP US$) poverty measure. The HPI-1 measures severe deprivation in health by the proportion of people who are not expected to survive age 40. Education is measured by the adult illiteracy rate and a decent standard of living is measured by the unweighted average of people without access to an improved water source and the proportion of children under age 5 who are underweight for their age. Figure 2: Comparison of Human Poverty Index development since 1975 33 The HPI-1 value of 58.3 ranks Burkina Faso on place 101 among 102 developing countries for which the index has been calculated 34 . Table 9: Selected indicators of human poverty, situation 2004 Human Poverty Index (HPI-1) 1. Uruguay (3.3) 100. Chad (57.9) 101. Burkina Faso (58.3) Probability of not surviving the age 40 (%) 1. Hong Kong, China (SAR) (1.5) 145. Mali (37.3) 146. Burkina Faso (38.9) Adult illiteracy rate (%) (ages 15 and older) 24 People without access to improved water and sanitation (%) Children underweight for age (%) (ages 0 – 5) 1. Cuba (0.2) 1. Bulgaria (1) 1. Chile (1) 115. Chad (74.3) 96. Kenya (39) 121. Pakistan (38) 116. Burkina Faso (78.2) 97. Burkina Faso (39) 122. Burkina Faso (38) c) Poverty & Gender equity The HDI measures average achievements in a country, but it does not incorporate the degree of gender imbalance in these achievements. The gender-related 33 UNDP 2006 Human Development Report http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_MWI.html 34 UNDP 2006 Human Development Report http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/data_sheets/cty_ds_MWI.html
Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso development index (GDI), introduced in Human Development Report 1995, measures achievements in the same dimensions using the same indicators as the HDI but captures inequalities between women and men. The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is a country's GDI relative to its HDI. Burkina Faso’s GDI value of 0.335 should be compared to its HDI value of 0.342. Its GDI value is 98.0% of its HDI value. Out of the 136 countries with both HDI and GDI values, 109 countries have a better ratio than Burkina Faso 35 . Table 10: GDI compared to the HDI – a measure of gender disparity, situation 2004 GDI as % of HDI Life expectancy at birth (years) Female as % male 1. Luxembourg (100.4 1. Russian Federation %) (122.4 %) 109. Algeria (98.0 %) 162. São Tomé and Principe (103.3 %) 110. Burkina Faso 163. Burkina Faso (98.0 %) (103.1 %) 1.3 Water 25 Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and older) Female as % male Combined primary, secondary and tertiary gross enrolment ratio Female as % male 1. Lesotho (122.5 %) 1. United Arab Emirates (126.0 %) 107. Sierra Leone (52.0 %) 171. Iraq (76.2 %) 108. Burkina Faso 172. Burkina Faso (51.7 %) (75.4 %) 1.3.1 Water resources Open water resources represent a surface of about 400 km 2 . The country is drained to the south by the Black Volta (Mouhoun), Red Volta (Nazinon), and White Volta (Nakanbe) rivers and to the east by the Sirba, Gorki and Mahiou rivers connecting with the Niger. The Niger River basin drains 27% of the country's surface. Its tributaries - Béli, Gorouol, Goudébo and Dargol rivers - are seasonal streams and only flow for 4 to 6 months a year, but can cause large floods. Numerous lakes, large ponds and a swampy region in the south-east add to the country’s water resources. Furthermore, besides the natural wetlands of varying types including floodplains, lakes and marshes, there were some 1,100 dams or embankments each of which has created an artificial wetland. A continuous decrease in precipitation since the 1970’s, coupled with an increasing water demand led to the construction of these dams or embankments to retain rainwater. The resulting artificial surface water plays a considerable role in the water supply for local populations and animals. Some of these facilities are also used as small hydroelectric power plants like in Niofila and Tourny, the Leraba province. However, during the dry season, many of these reservoirs dry up, due to the frequent water withdrawal and high evapotranspiration. The volume of available water resources is strongly influenced by unfavourable natural and demographic boundary conditions. Groundwater levels across the country have been decreasing over the past 30 years. In 1998 the available water volume per person per year was estimated at 1,750 m³, however a revision of this figure in 2001 lead to a drastic reduction to 852 m³/cap/year, making Burkina Faso a water scarce country. 35 http://hdr.undp.org/hdr2006/statistics/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_BFA.html
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