Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme in - SNV

Feasibility Study for a National Domestic Biogas Programme Burkina Faso
Due to accelerating urbanization in recent decades, services in peri-urban areas are
collapsing under the weight of rapid development, resulting in an uncontrolled
sanitation and household energy situation. Human actions produced negative
impacts on the water resources, health and environment. The contamination of water
resources is further increasing due to industrial pollution, poor sanitation practices,
discharges of untreated sewage and faecal sludge.
It is obvious that various factors have already led to an ecologically critical situation
which has to be tackled as soon as possible:
o progressing desertification due to unlimited deforestation,
o environmental pollution through unlimited waste discharge,
o fly and vector breeding through uncontrolled waste water discharge,
o uncontrolled GHG production through transhumance livestock management.
b) GHG emissions
In 1998, the total CO2 emissions in Burkina Faso were estimated at 1,009 thousand
metric tons of CO2 69 . But based on the statistical data on livestock only, the amount of
CO2 emission equivalent at 1997 already reached 4326 Gg/y 70 emitted by 18.5 Mio
animals. In 2005, as livestock has increased significantly to 26.4 Mio heads, CO2
emission equivalent amounts to 6119 Gg/y 71 .
head of livestock incl. cattle, sheep.goat, camel, donkey, horse
35.000.000
30.000.000
25.000.000
20.000.000
15.000.000
10.000.000
5.000.000
4326
CO2 emission equivalent (Gg/y)
0
1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008
year
Figure 4: Development of CO2 emission equivalent during the past decade
1.8 Health and sanitation
Water-related diseases are widespread, leading to illness and death of thousands of
persons per year, particularly children under the age of 5 72 . Climate variability also
69 http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/country_profiles/cli_cou_854.PDF
70 Gigagram per year
71 calculation based on livestock statistics and international reference data
72 Synthesis of the 4 th World Water Forum, 2006
34
6119