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13 Microtensile bond-strength of self-adhesive luting cements to chlorhexidine pre-treated dentin V.D. Hipolito 1,2,3 , P.H.P. D’alpino 1 , F.B. Piveta 1 , N. Silikas 2 , F.P. Rodrigues 1 , R. Alonso 1 , M.F.D. Goes 3 1 Bandeirante University of São Paulo -UNIBAN, Brazil 2 The University of Manchester, UK 3 University of Campinas, Piracicaba, Brazil Objectives: To investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on the microtensile bond-strength (�TBS) of self-adhesive luting cements (SLC) to dentin. Material and methods: The occlusal enamel was removed from 30 extracted sound human molars, exposed a flat dentin. Resin-composite (Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE) discs (1.2 mm in diameter, 6 mm in thickness) were cemented to the smearlayer-covered dentin using the SLC [RelyX Unicem, 3M ESPE (UN); Multilink Sprint, Ivoclar Vivadent (MS)] with/without 0.2% or 2% CHX solutions. Six groups were then created according to the SLC and dentin pre-treatment (n = 5). After 24 h of water storage, restored teeth were sectioned into beams with a cross-sectional area of approximately 0.9 mm 2 at the bonded interface, subsequently tested in tension with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min in a universal testing machine. The fractured surfaces were examined with SEM. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were performed (˛ = 0.05). Nine additional teeth were processed for energy-dispersive Xray (EDS) analysis using SEM of the dentin surface treated with 0.2 and 2% CHX solutions. Results: Mean bond-strength values in MPa and standard deviations are shown in the table below. Data with same letters (uppercase for rows, lowercase for columns) are not significantly different. Fracture analysis indicated that most failures occurred cohesively in the SLC for the control groups (without CHX). When the dentin was pre-treated with the CHX solutions, there was a higher incidence of adhesive failures. The EDS/SEM analysis detected a larger concentration of ions chlorine on the dentin surface treated with 2% CHX compared to that treated with 0.2% CHX. dental materials 26S (2010) e1–e84 e7 Materials Baseline CHX 0.2% CHX 2% UN 54.18 ± 5.24 aA 34.87 ± 7.24 aB 25.51 ± 5.27 aC MS 31.80 ± 2.45 bA 20.50 ± 3.05 bB 21.50 ± 1.39 aB Conclusions: Pre-treatment of dentin with CHX negatively influences the bond-strength when associated with both SLCs, irrespective of the concentration tested. So, the CHX pretreatment does not suggest an improvement in the bonding durability of SLCs to dentin as described for the total-etch adhesives systems. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.021 14 Microtensile bond strength of simplified and un-simplified adhesives M. Diolosá, C.O. Navarra, E. Visintini, M. Cadenaro, R. Di Lenarda, L. Breschi University of Trieste, Italy Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the immediate bond strength of different adhesives either self-etch or etch-and-rinse. The hypothesis tested was that simplified adhesives (two-step etch-and-rinse and one-step self-etch) have lower bond strength than un-simplified multi-step versions (three-step etch-and-rinse and two-step self-etch). Materials and methods: Two adhesives for each of the four main classes were selected. Name and manufacturer are listed in the Table. Forty human third molars were cut to expose middle/deep dentin and equally and randomly assigned to one bonding system (N = 5). All adhesives were applied according to manufacturers’ instructions. Specimens were processed for microtensile bond strength test in accordance with the nontrimming technique. Results: Means and standard deviations of microtensile bond stregnth are reported: Adhesive Manufacturer Class �TBS (MPa) All Bond 3 Bisco Industries, Anaheim, CA, USA Gluma Solid Bond Haeraus Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany Gluma Confort Haeraus Kulzer GmbH, Hanau, Germany Adper Scotchbond 1 XT 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA Sea2 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA Clearfil Protect Bond Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan Clearfil S3 Kuraray Medical Inc., Tokyo, Japan All Bond SE Bisco Industries, Anaheim, CA, USA 3-Step etch-and-rinse 23 ± 8 abc 3-Step etch-and-rinse 15 ± 6 a 2-Step etch-and-rinse 40 ± 10 d 2-Step etch-and-rinse 41 ± 11 d 2-Step self-etch 35 ± 9 cd 2-Step self-etch 30 ± 10 bcd 1-Step self-etch 34 ± 11 cd 1-Step self-etch 20 ± 9 ab Different superscript letter identify statistical differences (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The tested hypothesis was rejected since some simplified adhesives showed similar or higher microtensile bond strength values than unsimplified versions. Further
e8 dental materials 26S (2010) e1–e84 in vivo studies are needed to clarify the clinical performance of simplified adhesives. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.022 15 Effect of chlorhexidine on 6-months bond strength of resinglass-modified-ionomer to dentin E. Dursun, J.P. Attal University of Paris Descartes, France Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chlorhexidine (CHX) on dentin bond strength of resin-modified glass-ionomer (RMGI) after 24 h and 6 months of water storage. Materials and methods: 60 human teeth with a flat surface of dentin were embedded in blocks of resin. 60 cylinders of RMGI (Fuji LCII ® (GC)) were bonded on 60 teeth following various modalities: 30 after polyalkenoic acid (ac pol) treatment, 30 after polyalkenoic acid treatment and an application of 0.05% chlorhexidine (CHX). One subgroup (n = 15) was tested after 24 h in water at 37 ◦ C and the other subgroup (n = 15) after 6-month storage in water. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was performed. The data (in MPa) were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey tests (p < 0.05). The type of bond failure (mixed/adhesive/cohesive) was noted and analyzed with a chisquare test (p < 0.05). Results: Dentin treatment, material and time Dentin SBS (MPa) Ac Pol + RMGI 24 h 8 ± 1 (a) AcPol+Chx+RMGI24h 9 ± 3 (a) Ac Poly + RMGI 6 months 12 ± 4 (b) Ac Pol + Chx + RMGI 6 months 9 ± 3 (a) Letters in parentheses = homogeneous subsets. After 24 h, there were no significant differences on dentin SBS of RMGI with or without application of chlorhexidine. After 6 months, the dentin SBS increased in the samples that had not been treated with chlorhexidine, and did not increase in those that had been treated with chlorhexidine. No significant differences in debonding locations were found between the various groups tested with 100% of adhesive failures. Conclusions: Chlorhexidine application does not seem to disturb the dentin SBS of RMGI after 24 h. However, the dentin SBS of RMGI seems to increase after 6 months and application of chlorhexidine may inhibit this increase. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.023 16 Bonding effectiveness of all-in-one adhesives H.M. El-Damanhoury 1 , N.A. El-Sahn 2 , A.N. Habib 2 , K.B. Moore 3 1 University of Sharjah, UAE 2 Cairo University, Egypt 3 Indiana University, IN, USA Objectives: To evaluate the bonding effectiveness of six all-in-one adhesives to dentin by testing micro-tensile bond strength (�-TBS) and micrographic analysis of the resin/adhesive interface. Materials and methods: Flat occlusal dentin was exposed in 128 extracted human molars. Teeth were equally divided into 16 groups (8 teeth each). Two groups were randomly assigned for each all-in-one adhesive and controls: Clearfil S3 (S3-kuraray); G-Bond (GB-GC dental); iBond (IB-Heraeus Kulzer); Xeno V (XB-Dentsply); Optibond All-in-one (OB-Kerr) and Adper Easy Bond (AEB-3M ESPE). Adper ScotchBond SE (ASE-3M ESPE) was used as two-bottle self-etch control and Adper Single Bond Plus (SB-3M ESPE) as etch-and-rinse control. Specimens were restored with Filtek Z250 Composite (3M ESPE). One group for each material was thermocycled (TC). �- TBS to dentin was measured in a universal testing machine. Mode of failure of debonded beams was examined under SEM. Micrographic analysis of the bonded interface of demineralized/deproteinized samples was done using SEM. All data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and multiple comparisons was done using Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). Results: SB presented the highest �-TBS (58.17 ± 10.1 MPa) and a reduction of 25.12% after TC, with resin tags >40 �m, while GB (53.40 ± 9.6 MPa) showed the least reduction in �-TBS after TC (14.71%). OB (48.40 ± 8.0 MPa) exhibited the highest reduction in �-TBS (31.16%) and resin tags >40 �m. XB presented the lowest �-TBS (25.88 ± 5.5 MPa) with reduction of 22.06% after TC. All-in-one adhesive showed mixed type of failure, except for GB and XB, which failed cohesively within the adhesive layer. Conclusions: Etch and rinse adhesive systems remain as the gold standard for bonding to dentin, meanwhile some of the all-in-one adhesives demonstrate promising results concerning the bond strength and durability after thermocyclying. There is no direct relation between depth of infiltration in dentin and bond strength of adhesives. doi:10.1016/j.dental.2010.08.024 17 Influence of surface pretreatment on the short term bond strength of composite resin to a zirconia-based material G. Fazi, A. Vichi, M. Ferrari University of Siena, Italy Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the influence of sandblasting zirconia before and after sintering on the bond strength between a zirconia core and a composite resin material.
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