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Later Prehistoric/Norse4.6 The Early and Middle Iron Age of the Hebrides is characterised by themassive stone-built Atlantic Roundhouses, a category which includes brochsand wheelhouses. A number of these structures have been investigated in thepast by figures such as Beveridge (eg Foshigary, Beveridge & Callander 1931)and Scott (eg Clettraval, Scott 1948), and more recently by Armit (eg EileanMaleit, Armit 1998).4.7 The Later Iron Age is characterised by figure-of-eight style houses, identifiedon other islands too but only seen on North Uist at the excavations at the Udal(Crawford 1996). Norse settlement, although deemed to have been commondue to the influence of Norse on place-names throughout the Hebrides, iselusive. The most significant site for understanding the development of thislater period is again the Udal (Crawford 1996), as it contains the onlyexcavated site of the Norse period found on North Uist.4.8 Other cultural remains are less well defined, such as the numerous kitchenmidden sites that have been found in association with other structural remains(eg. Rubha Huilis; NF87NW 12). Similar sites recorded as mounds and apossible souterrain (Calarnais NF77NW 4) appear to be good examples ofwhere cultural remains, including finds of hammer-stones, flints and burialremains, were recorded by Beveridge (1911). Changes in local conditionsinvariably showed no evidence of many of his sites during laterreconnaissance visits in1965 and 1973 (RCAHMS).Medieval4.9 Medieval settlement has proven difficult to identify on the island, althoughtwo excavations have been carried out. At Eilean Olabhat (Armit 1996)Medieval buildings were discovered re-occupying the prehistoric site, while atthe Udal a Medieval longhouse has been excavated (Crawford 1996). Slightlylater sites, of the 16 th -17 th centuries, have been recognised, for example at theexcavation at Druim nan Dearcag (Armit 1997). It is possible that a moredispersed Medieval pattern of settlement was present, providing a continuationof the prehistoric pattern, which was replaced by the post-Medieval bailtean ofnucleated settlements and townships (Armit 1996).Post-Medieval4.10 This period is characterised by baile settlements, which appear in the writtenrecord in the 17 th and 18 th centuries. These townships and nucleatedsettlements were composed of tenant farmers, and included areas of open fieldand ‘lazy bed’ cultivation furrows. The Clearances of the 18 th and early 19 thcenturies had an impact upon the Hebrides, resulting in a switch to sheepfarmingand the re-organisation or removal of the population by landowners.Settlements are characterised by blackhouses, a form of building whichcontinued in use until the 20 th century. A large quantity of these sites areknown and are still highly visible in the landscape today.UISN/1051/015CFA
Industrial Period4.11 There are very few monuments of the industrial period. Those that arerecorded relate primarily to maritime activities, such as the ferry ports andboat builders, or to quarrying activities.UISN/1051/016CFA
Page 1 and 2: COASTAL ZONE ASSESSMENT SURVEYnorth
Page 3 and 4: CONTENTS1. Introduction 42. Methodo
Page 5 and 6: 1. INTRODUCTION1.1 Background1.1.1
Page 7 and 8: incorporation into a GIS database t
Page 9 and 10: 2.5.2 The GIS database incorporates
Page 11 and 12: 3. THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF THE
Page 13 and 14: Sea defences3.1.6 Concrete or woode
Page 15: 4. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND OF THE
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Page 21 and 22: MAP 1: EROSIONID Name of coastal se
Page 23 and 24: MAP 1: BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLO
Page 25 and 26: ID Name NMRS No. Source NGR Status
Page 28 and 29: MAP 2: RUBH’ A’ CHORRAIN TO BER
Page 30 and 31: NORTH UIST MAP 2 - HINTERLAND GEOLO
Page 32 and 33: NORTH UIST MAP 2 - EROSION CLASSRub
Page 34 and 35: NORTH UIST MAP 2 - BUILT HERITAGE A
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Page 52 and 53: NORTH UIST MAP 4 - BUILT HERITAGE A
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NORTH UIST MAP 6 - EROSION CLASSTr
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ID Name NMRS No. Source NGR Status
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MAP 7: CALARNAIS TO TRÀIGH STIRHin
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NORTH UIST MAP 7 - HINTERLAND GEOLO
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NORTH UIST MAP 7 - EROSION CLASSCal
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MAP 8: RUBHA MHÀNAIS TO HANGLAMHin
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ID Name of section NGR Length Typic
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MAP 8: EROSIONID Name of coastal se
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MAP 8: BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLO
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MAP 9: HANGLAM TO HORISARY POINTHin
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MAP 9: EROSIONID Name of coastal se
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MAP 9: BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOLO
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MAP 10: HORAISEARAIDH TO CLADACH IO
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NORTH UIST MAP 10 - HINTERLAND GEOL
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NORTH UIST MAP 10 - EROSION CLASSHo
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MAP 11: CLADACH IOĹARAIGH TO BALES
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MAP 11: EROSIONID Name of coastal s
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MAP 11: BUILT HERITAGE AND ARCHAEOL
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NORTH UIST MAP 11 - BUILT HERITAGE
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MAP 12: HINTERLAND GEOLOGY AND COAS
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MAP 13: BALESHARE CAUSEWAY TO BENBE
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MAP 14: VALLAY ISLANDHinterland Geo
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NORTH UIST MAP 14 -HINTERLAND GEOLO
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NORTH UIST MAP 14 - EROSION CLASSVa
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NORTH UIST MAP 14 - BUILT HERITAGE
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6.7 A potentially Norse period (10
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Period CategoriesUnknownMulti-phase
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7. SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS7.1 S
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• Medium - Archaeological loss is
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previous visits by the Ordnance Sur
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8. BIBLIOGRAPHY8.1 ReferencesArmit,
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Ritchie, W 1986 in Barber, J 2003 B
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Ordnance Survey 1904 Hebrides, Harr
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8.4 Aerial Photographic RecordSorti
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Plate 1 - Erosion causing undercutt
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Plate 5 - Dune blowout, Port Scolpa
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Plate 9 - Site 113, abandoned settl
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Plate 13 - Site 360, eroding struct
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Plate 17 - Site 637, eroding struct
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