EWPAA Structural Plywood and LVL Design Manual - Engineered ...

Stability factor.The stability factor k 12 for modification of the characteristic strength in compression shall be given by thefollowing:(a) For ρCS ≤ 10k12 = 1.0(b) For 10 ≤ ρ C S ≤ 20k12 = 1.5 – (0.05 x ρ C S)(c) For ρ C S ≥ 20k12200=(ρ 2c S)where:S = S 3 for buckling about the major axis;= S4 for buckling about the minor axisFlat endsCondition of End Restraint Effective Length Factor (g 13 )Restrained at both ends in position and direction 0.7Each end held by two bolts (substantially restrained) 0.75One end fixed in position and direction, the other restrained inposition only0.35Studs in light framing 0.9Restrained at both ends in position only 1.0Restrained at one end in position and direction and at the other endpartially restrained in direction but not in position1.5Restrained at one end in position and direction but not restrained ineither position or direction at other end2.0NOTE: ‘Flat ends’ refers to perfectly flat ends bearing on flat unyielding basesTABLE A6.1: Effective length factor g 13 for columns without intermediate lateral restraint0.753