EWPAA Structural Plywood and LVL Design Manual - Engineered ...

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Table of FiguresFIGURE 4.1: Plywood sheet bent in the easy direction (a) and hard direction (b)............................................17FIGURE 5.1: Parallel Ply Theory .......................................................................................................................20FIGURE 5.2: Structural Plywood Loaded in its plane ........................................................................................22FIGURE 5.3: Notation for bearing and shear normal to the face of the plywood panel and for flatwise bending............................................................................................................................................................................26FIGURE 5.4: Notation for shear, compression and tension acting in the plane of a plywood panel and for ....27FIGURE 5.5: Defines diaphragm buckling parameters .....................................................................................31FIGURE 6.1: Section Properties for LVL with all veneers orientated in the longitudinal direction ....................38FIGURE 6.2 : Cross-banded LVL section properties for edgewise bending, tension, compression and flexuralrigidity ..................................................................................................................................................................38FIGURE 6.3: Example of cross-banded LVL section properties for on flat bending, bending deflection andshear ...................................................................................................................................................................39Figure 6.4: Shows major and minor axes of bending ........................................................................................40FIGURE 6.5: Notation for bearing .....................................................................................................................41FIGURE 6.6: Effective length stressed in tension perpendicular to grain .........................................................42FIGURE 6.7: Shows regions k 6 applies ............................................................................................................45FIGURE 6.8: Parallel and grid systems .............................................................................................................46FIGURE 7.1: Typical test panel arrangement ....................................................................................................62FIGURE 8.1: Plywood webbed box beam ..........................................................................................................71FIGURE 8.2: Jointing of seasoned flanges .......................................................................................................72FIGURE 9.1: Shows location and function of the shearwalls and diaphragm ...................................................91FIGURE 9.2: Shearwall and diaphragm applications ........................................................................................92FIGURE 9.3: Shows panel subjected to shear ..................................................................................................93FIGURE 9.4: Diaphragm design formula for lateral loading ...............................................................................94FIGURE 9.5 : Wind forces on diaphragm ...........................................................................................................95FIGURE 9.6: Plan of building ............................................................................................................................96FIGURE 9.7: Build-up of axial force in drag strut due to opening ...................................................................103FIGURE 9.8: Distribution of shears around opening .......................................................................................104FIGURE 9.9: Diaphragm with horizontal offset ...............................................................................................105FIGURE 9.10: Shows sub-diaphragm in offset diaphragm .............................................................................106FIGURE 9.11: Shows the effect of Superposing Shear Flows ........................................................................108FIGURE 9.12: Shows shear flows and chord forces .......................................................................................109FIGURE 9.13: The two major racking deflection components ........................................................................110FIGURE 9.14: Shearwall with opening ............................................................................................................112FIGURE 9.15: Free body diagram of shearwall ..............................................................................................112FIGURE 9.16: Loaded shearwall with door opening location ..........................................................................113FIGURE 9.17: Free body diagram ...................................................................................................................114FIGURE 9.18: Accumulation of nail forces ......................................................................................................115FIGURE 9.19: Shows panel shear flows and resulting nail force accumulation .............................................115FIGURE 10.1: Common single storey, single spanning portal frames ............................................................122FIGURE 10.2: Mitred internal knee gusset and stress distributions ................................................................124FIGURE 10.3: Actual and idealised stress distributions on the critical stress line ..........................................125FIGURE 10.4: Ridge Joint ...............................................................................................................................126FIGURE 10.5: Nail group subjected to torsional moment ...............................................................................126FIGURE 10.6: Typical nailing pattern and an idealised line representation ....................................................127FIGURE 10.7: Nails smeared as a continuous line .........................................................................................128FIGURE 10.8: Polar moment of a line width w ................................................................................................128FIGURE 10.9: Defines the major dimensions of the knee joint .......................................................................131FIGURE 10.10: Shows nailing pattern for nail group in column or rafter .........................................................135FIGURE 11.1: Component parts of a stressed skin panel ..............................................................................142FIGURE 11.2: Distribution of flange stresses ..................................................................................................144FIGURE 11.3: Effective widths of plywood ......................................................................................................145FIGURE 11.4: Position of critical plane for rolling shear .................................................................................146FIGURE 11.5: Bending stresses in stressed skin panel ..................................................................................149FIGURE 11.6: Stressed skin panel trial section ...............................................................................................151FIGURE 11.7: Shows the neutral axis and “b” relative to “”...........................................................................152FIGURE 11.8: Shows relevant panel cross-section dimensions .....................................................................152FIGURE 11.9: Shows dimensions for obtaining Q s .........................................................................................155FIGURE 12.1: Various types folded plate structures ......................................................................................160FIGURE 12.2: Sheet of paper with folds supporting a load .............................................................................160
FIGURE 12.3: Load components on a transverse strip ...................................................................................161FIGURE 12.4: Isolated transverse element under load ...................................................................................161FIGURE 12.5: Determination of longitudinal load on the system ....................................................................162FIGURE 12.6: Inclined diaphragm ...................................................................................................................162FIGURE 12.7: Basic arches and some portal derivatives ...............................................................................163FIGURE 12.8: Uses of arches .........................................................................................................................164FIGURE 12.9: A parabolic arch (not to scale) .................................................................................................165FIGURE 12.10: Symmetrical parabolic arch symmetrically loaded .................................................................165FIGURE 12.11: Components of shear and axial force ....................................................................................166FIGURE 12.12: Exposed cross-section at mid-length and axial and shear force components ......................167FIGURE 12.13: Free body diagram of part of arch .........................................................................................168FIGURE 12.14: Various hypar configurations .................................................................................................168FIGURE 12.15: Two views of a single hyperbolic-paraboloid shell .................................................................169FIGURE 12.16: Reactive force components and resultant .............................................................................171FIGURE 12.17: Resolved components of the tension and compression forces .............................................172FIGURE 12.18: Angle of twist ..........................................................................................................................174FIGURE 12.19: Shows some different dome geometries ...............................................................................175FIGURE 12.20: Membrane forces and reticulated spatial systems ................................................................176FIGURE 12.21: Shows θ = angle to crown and R = radius of curvature .........................................................177FIGURE 12.22: Grid systems and membrane forces ......................................................................................177FIGURE 12.23: Dome dimensions ..................................................................................................................179FIGURE 13.1: Example of Type 1 Connections ..............................................................................................187FIGURE 13.2: Examples of Type 2 Connections for nails and screws ...........................................................188FIGURE 13.3: Two and Three member Type 1 nailed and screwed connections ..........................................189FIGURE 13.4: Critical bolt spacings and distances .........................................................................................191FIGURE 13.5: Nail head fixity ..........................................................................................................................193FIGURE 13.6 :Shows how rows are defined relative to applied load ..............................................................193FIGURE 13.7: LVL / Plywood spliced joint ......................................................................................................199FIGURE 13.8: Gives system capacities and effective timber thicknesses ......................................................204FIGURE 13.9: Lateral restraint stresses ..........................................................................................................205FIGURE 13.10: Eccentric joint .........................................................................................................................207FIGURE 13.11: Bolted truss joint ...................................................................................................................210FIGURE 13.12: Edge, end and bolt spacings .................................................................................................213FIGURE 13.13: Coach screw depth of penetration and timber thickness .......................................................214FIGURE 14.1: Decibel scale .............................................................................................................................223FIGURE 14.2: Sound response on meeting a barrier .....................................................................................224FIGURE 14.3: Shows various regions of performance for single leaf partition ................................................225FIGURE 14.4: Sound paths ..............................................................................................................................227FIGURE 14.5: Types of cavity walls ................................................................................................................229FIGURE 15.1: Equilibrium Moisture Content of Wood as a function of Dry Bulb Temperature, Wet BulbDepression and Relative Humidity ...................................................................................................................232FIGURE 15.2: Sample Wall .............................................................................................................................235FIGURE 16.1: Zones of burning wood ............................................................................................................238FIGURE 16.2: Summary of Floor, Wall and Ceiling Fire Tests ........................................................................240FIGURE 16.3: Shows loss of section due to charring .....................................................................................250FIGURE 16.4: Charring at junction with fire proof barrier ................................................................................251FIGURE 16.5: Fire protected connectors ........................................................................................................252
Page 2 and 3: Structural Plywood & LVL Design Man
Page 4 and 5: Table of Contents1 Plywood & LVL -
Page 6 and 7: 11 Plywood Stressed Skin Panels ...
Page 10 and 11: Part OneProduct Production & Proper
Page 12 and 13: PeelingAfter conditioning, the logs
Page 14 and 15: Sanding, Trimming and BrandingAfter
Page 16 and 17: through to applications where aesth
Page 18 and 19: 2.7 Identification CodeThe plywood
Page 20 and 21: 2.10 Non Structural PlywoodsInterio
Page 22 and 23: 3.5 Veneer QualityVeneer quality us
Page 24 and 25: the hygroscopic movement of structu
Page 26 and 27: effective an insulator as the wood
Page 28 and 29: 5 Structural Plywood - Design Princ
Page 30 and 31: 12 - 13 40015 - 19 45020 - 25 52026
Page 32 and 33: TABLE 5.3: Standard Structural Plyw
Page 34 and 35: TABLE 5.5: Indicative Stiffness Val
Page 36 and 37: Strength Limit StateStrength LimitS
Page 38 and 39: Application of Structural memberAll
Page 40 and 41: FIGURE 5.5 shows an I-beam defining
Page 42 and 43: j 2- Duration of Load Factor for Cr
Page 44 and 45: Using the theory of parallel axes a
Page 46 and 47: 6 Structural LVL - Design Principle
Page 48 and 49: I (neutral axis(NA)-stiffness= (bd
Page 50 and 51: Serviceability Limit State:Calculat
Page 52 and 53: Strength Limit State:Strength Limit
Page 54 and 55: Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC)P
Page 56 and 57: (c) For shear k 11 = 1.0(d) For com
Page 58 and 59:
Chapter 6 AppendixSlenderness Co-Ef
Page 60 and 61:
FIGURE A6.3: Continuous restraint a
Page 62 and 63:
Stability factor.The stability fact
Page 64 and 65:
7.4 Structural Plywood Flooring - D
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5. Critical Load Action EffectsLoad
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5. Serviceability limit state - Des
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7.10 Structural Plywood Residential
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Because of the obvious difficulty a
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1.2 m roof load width)0.25 kPa x 1.
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Concentrated Imposed Load (Q)M max
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5. Serviceability Limit Stateand [A
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8 Structural Plywood Webbed Box Bea
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AdhesivesBeams relying only on an a
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5. Check Beam Stiffness:Check beam
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1. Initial beam trial size:(a)(b)Fr
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Required nail spacing s = øN j / q
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Figure 8.5 shows a discontinuous pl
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A8Chapter 8 AppendixBending / Compr
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where:A= h3.5 3D .1032 N. mJ12.440.
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FIGURE A8.2: Guide for Selecting In
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Table A8.6: Unit-Load Deflection Sp
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9 Structural Plywood Diaphragms & S
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FIGURE 9.3 shows a plywood panel na
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The following are the design steps
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Wind force, w on diaphragm w = 1.86
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Converted to Limit States CapacityC
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4. Chord Size and SplicesThe chords
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Load/Nail (N)Nail Deformation (mm)2
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• The horizontal force is 1.9 x 2
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= 5 kN/m v oR = 15/5 = 3 kN/m107
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ELEVATIONFIGURE 9.12: Shows shear f
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As previously mentioned the shearwa
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Assuming the applied racking load t
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In this instance let the two panels
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A9 CHAPTER 9 APPENDIXPlate 1Plate 2
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Plate 7Plate 8Plate 9119
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REFERENCES CITED:1. Timber Shearwal
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“nailability” by increasing res
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(a) (b) (c)FIGURE 10.3: Actual and
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Re-arranging the torsion equation r
Page 138 and 139:
The polar moment of area (I p ) of
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Design Example - Plywood Gusseted P
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• assuming width of lines paralle
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hence:where:ΦMj⎡ Ip⎤= (0.8 x1.
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A10 Chapter 10 AppendixPhotographs
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MOMENT JOINTSPlate 7Plate 8Plate 9(
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REFERENCES CITED:1. Investigation o
Page 152 and 153:
11.2 MaterialsPlywoodPlywood used i
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FIGURE 11.3: Effective widths of pl
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Transformed SectionSince the plywoo
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FIGURE 11.5: Bending stresses in st
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FIGURE 11.6: Stressed skin panel tr
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Flexural Deflection Long Term Servi
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Compression SpliceUsing 17mm F11 st
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REFERENCES CITED:1. Design & Fabric
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12 Exotic Structural Forms12.1 Intr
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displacement between diaphragms eac
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The section modulus (Z) is:ZZ=Iy1=1
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FIGURE 12.9: A parabolic arch (not
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F AFFFASS= (374.4 + 166.4)kN= 540.8
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12.11 Hypar Design - GeometryTo dev
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FIGURE 12.16: Reactive force compon
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12.14 Methodology - Principal Membr
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Many braced dome geometries exist b
Page 186 and 187:
θasphere= is the angle subtended b
Page 188 and 189:
AndNNNxyxyP=L21P=L12P=L33L2P3⎤+
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• whether or not to force the ply
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A12Chapter 12 AppendixEXAMPLES OF E
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EXOTIC STRUCTURAL FORMS DESIGN AIDS
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Type 1 joints referred to in AS 172
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FIGURE 13.3: Two and Three member T
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SECTION 4 : AS 1720.1-1997 : Clause
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connection load carrying capacity c
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13.5 Design of Type 1 Nailed Connec
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The following unfactored loads are
Page 208 and 209:
nnaa=nnr42=5= 9 rowsThe assumed val
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13.11 Design of Type 2 Screwed Conn
Page 212 and 213:
The reasons k 13 and k 14 are not c
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Type of JointSeasoned TimberUnseaso
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13.16 Design of Type 2 Bolted Conne
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where:Δ = Δi +h33j14xh35Q *Qkpfor
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The exploded view in Figure 13.11 s
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FIGURE 13.12: Edge, end and bolt sp
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13.21 Design of Type 2 Coach Screwe
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REFERENCES CITED:1. AS 1720.1-1997,
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Plate 3Plate 4219
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Plate 7Plate 8221
Page 232 and 233:
14 Noise Control14.1 IntroductionTh
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The absorption process of a single
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When it is required to add more tha
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FIGURE 14.5: Types of cavity wallsT
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15 Condensation & Thermal Transmiss
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15.4 Thermal TransmissionThermal tr
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15.5 Thermal Transmission - Design
Page 246 and 247:
REFERENCES CITED:1. Condensation, C
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The early fire hazard test indices
Page 250 and 251:
ISO 9705 AND AS/NZS 3837These tests
Page 252 and 253:
General InformationDesign of struct
Page 254 and 255:
SpeciesAsh, Alpine - Eucalyptus del
Page 256 and 257:
Results of recent tests organised b
Page 258 and 259:
FlooringConstructionLVL(Substrates
Page 260 and 261:
as expressed in the BCA.Species Ave
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ClosurePlywood Thickness for:Dougla
Page 264 and 265:
Borers are rarely a problem with st
Page 266 and 267:
HazardClassH1Exposure Specific serv
Page 268 and 269:
17.3 Durability and Finishing Appli
Page 270:
EWPAA MembersPlywood and Laminated
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