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132 SHARING KNOWLEDGEthat communities are protected from harm.Given the international nature of manyeconomic sectors, there is an important rolefor international institutions and initiatives toplay here too – for example the UN GlobalCompact and the Voluntary Principlesfor Security and Human Rights, whosedevelopment was led by the US and UKgovernments in consultation with NGOsand companies in the extractive and energysectors.3. International development institutionsintegrating Goal 16 into their programmesInternational development institutions –the international finance institutions, UNagencies, donors and NGOs – will continueto focus the bulk of their efforts on theother 16 goals. But fortunately, initiativesfocused on social protection, food security,climate change, health, education, waterA makeshift school at a camp for displacedChadians who have fled fighting near the Sudaneseborder. International development institutions needto integrate Goal 16 into their strategic assessments,project designs and evaluation frameworks. This isparticularly imperative when operating in fragile statesand sanitation, etc. are linked to Goal 16,and can be implemented in ways whicheither enhance or diminish peace, securityand governance. From the location of acommunity well, through the managementof schools and the elaboration of educationcurriculums, to national health policies: allneed to be well-governed, and designedand implemented with conflict sensitivityand explicit and careful strategies for socialinclusion. Thus all ‘development’ actorscan integrate Goal 16 into their strategicassessments, project designs and evaluationframeworks.4. International institutions monitoringprogressWhile most interventions will be initiatedand conducted in specific countries andlocalities, international bodies have acritical role to play by:●●conducting empirical research tomeasure the changes taking place,comparing these with the publishedstrategies, and publishing the resultsinternationally and nationally so they canbe used to hold governments and others© Reutersto account, and to adapt strategieswhere necessary;●●building up an international datasetshowing how progress towards peace,justice, security, inclusion and bettergovernance happens – a narrative ofchange – and sharing this widely.5. Governments, internationalinstitutions and other internationalactors collaborating on supra-nationalissuesThe progress made in internationalpeacekeeping and peacebuilding in thepast few decades must continue: the UN,regional blocs and informal groupingsof nations must carry on seeking ways toreduce the risk of intra- and inter-statewar, to intervene more effectively andearlier to prevent it, and to end it when itoccurs. Meanwhile, many of the structuralfactors enabling violence, corruption,poor governance, etc. are internationalin nature, and require an internationalresponse, often through internationalinstitutions and agreements.International institutions play aparticularly important role providingleadership, knowledge and solidarity, andenforcing norms, for example on humantrafficking, money laundering, drug andarms trade, and all forms of organisedcrime; as well as in holding licit businessesto common, high standards of behaviour.ConclusionThe proposed SDGs are no substitutefor an activist, context-based approach todevelopment. But they represent a markedimprovement on the MDGs, not leastthrough the recognition that developmentis meaningless unless it includes humansecurity, governance, inclusion, justice andpeace. So all development activists shouldaim to integrate these in their initiatives.Fortunately, this is relatively simple, asalmost all of the more than 150 proposedsub-goals can be practically linked to Goal16. Thus, progress on Goal 16 will beachieved not only by specialists in peace,justice, security and governance, but by alldevelopment actors, provided they take itseriously into account.GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2014