FAMBB

80 DELIVERING RESULTS3PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMENMuch MDG criticism focuses on what are seen as ‘missing targets’. This is clearly the case for Goal 3, whichconcentrated narrowly on gender disparity in education and, to a lesser extent, women’s representation inthe workforce and decision-making. Even in those areas where progress has been achieved, such as primaryenrolment, it is clear that targeted interventions must be combined with policies that address broader constraintsand promote structural changes and societal transformation. In West Africa, for instance, complementinginvestments in infrastructure with female literacy campaigns to overcome resistance to girls’ education in ruralareas led to a significant increase in the rate of enrolment of girls in primary schools.Source: UN Millennium Development Goals Report 2014TARGET3.AEliminate gender disparity in primary and secondaryeducation, preferably by 2005, and in all levels ofeducation no later than 2015Gender parity index for gross enrolment ratios in primary,secondary and tertiary education in developing regions,1990 and 2012Primary educationSub-Saharan AfricaOceaniaWestern AsiaNorthern AfricaLatin America and the CaribbeanSouth-Eastern AsiaCaucasus and Central AsiaEastern AsiaSouthern AsiaDeveloping regionsSecondary educationSub-Saharan AfricaOceaniaWestern Asia0.65Southern Asia0.59Caucasus and Central AsiaNorthern AfricaSouth-Eastern AsiaEastern AsiaLatin America and the CaribbeanDeveloping regionsTertiary educationSub-Saharan AfricaSouthern AsiaWestern Asia0.520.490.640.63Caucasus and Central AsiaEastern Asia 0.49Northern Africa0.65South-Eastern AsiaLatin America and the CaribbeanDeveloping regions199020120.740.830.890.850.820.860.920.930.930.960.970.960.990.910.990.991.011.001.000.970.76 0.840.86 0.870.920.930.98 0.980.770.990.90 1.020.761.021.06 1.070.770.960.810.950.99 1.071.081.120.921.120.970.690.992015 Target = Gender parityindex between 0.97 and 1.031.28Note: In secondary and tertiary education, 1990 data for Caucasus and Central Asiarefer to 1993. In tertiary education, 2012 data for Oceania are not available.Northern Africa1919Southern Asia1320Western Asia1520Sub-Saharan Africa23OceaniaSouth-Eastern AsiaEastern AsiaLatin America and the CaribbeanCaucasus and Central AsiaDeveloped regionsProposed Sustainable Development Goal 5End all forms of Eliminate all formsdiscrimination of violence againstagainst all women all women and girls inand girls everywhere public and private spheres,including trafficking andsexual and other types ofexploitationProportion of seats held bywomen in single or lower housesof national parliament,2000 and 2014 (%)2120181916OceaniaWestern Asia4 3412Southern Asia72000 2014South-Eastern Asia12Caucasus and Central Asia7Eastern AsiaEmployees in non-agriculturalwage employment who arewomen, 1990 and 2012 (%)1990 20123333Sub-Saharan Africa35132338393838Northern Africa342444344244548Latin America and the CaribbeanEliminateall harmfulpractices, suchas child, early andforced marriageand female genitalmutilations1526Developed regions1625Developing regions1221World1422For related SDG 5, see: http://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/focussdgstmlGLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2014