82 DELIVERING RESULTSThe Open Working Group onSustainable Development Goals, whoseJuly 2014 proposal is likely to form thebasis of state negotiations next year, setsout a number of principles and measuresthat seek to address these gaps.It includes a clear commitment toputting people at the centre of sustainabledevelopment, and to strive for sustainedand inclusive economic growth, socialdevelopment and environmental protectionthat benefits all, “in particular the childrenof the world, youth and future generationsof the world without distinction of anykind such as age, sex, disability, culture,race, ethnicity, origin, migratory status,religion, economic or other status”.The 17 Goals it outlines make referenceto particular groups of people, includingthose in vulnerable situations, such asthe need to tackle malnutrition amongolder persons, give women access to landownership, achieve full and productiveemployment for those with disabilities,have well-managed migration policies,and recognise and value unpaid anddomestic work.Crucially, the Goals also incorporatetargets intended to support these objectives.Goal 16 focuses on promoting peaceful andinclusive societies. It includes provisions onthe rule of law, non-discrimination, accessto justice and information, and participatorydecision-making. This goes some way toaddress the lack of emphasis on humanrights in the MDG agenda. It also providesa stronger basis for holding governmentsand other development actors to account,and for increasing public involvement in thedesign and delivery of the new Goals.Goal 17, meanwhile, is a significantextension of the global partnershipMDG, with targets – although most arenot time-bound – in the areas of finance;technology; capacity building; trade;partnerships; policy and institutionalcoherence; and data, monitoring andaccountability. Improving the quality,coverage, availability and analysis of datais particularly important in ensuringthat development policies are targeted,appropriate and working – in short, that noone is left behind.Who is deprived and how?CONFLICT●●About half of primary-school-agechildren not in school live in conflictaffectedcountries.●●The conflict in Syria has rolled backhuman development achievementsby 35 years, with over half thepopulation now living in poverty.●●In Kashmir, exposure to violence inutero and in infancy was shown tohave reduced children’s height, withthose most affected 0.9–1.4 standarddeviations shorter than others.GENDER●●Young women aged 15 to 24 yearshave a 50% higher risk of becominginfected with HIV compared to theirmale peers.● ● Only two of 130 countries haveachieved gender parity at all levels ofeducation.● ● On average, the number ofmalnourished children is 60% higherin countries where women do nothave the right to own land and 85%higher in countries where women lackany access to credit.LOCATION●●Three-quarters of the world’s poorlive in rural areas.●●Multidimensional poverty affects43% of urban households in BurkinaFaso but 94% of rural ones.● ● In Andhra Pradesh, India a quarter ofyoung people in rural areas will notbe in school by age 15, compared to15% from urban areas. Those fromScheduled Castes and ScheduledTribes were twice as likely to be outof school.ETHNICITY●●Indigenous peoples make up around5% of the global population but15% of the world’s income poor, and30% of the world’s extremely poor inrural areas.●●In Europe in 2011, around 30% ofRoma lived on less than $4.30 aday, compared with 9% of the non-Roma population.● ● According to Survival International,child mortality can increase whentribal peoples are settled, especiallywhen highly mobile peoples aremoved to crowded camps or shantytowns. For example, the Onge ofLittle Andaman Island, who weresettled in 1976, experienced adoubling of infant mortality ratesbetween 1978 and 1985.AGE● ● Roughly 80% of the world’s olderpopulation does not have a pension.In OECD countries, the old-agepoverty rate is higher than that of thewhole population: 13.5% to 10.6%.●●Global youth unemployment in 2012was 12.7% – almost three times theadult rate.DISABILITY●●In 2012, the UN Educational, Scientificand Cultural Organization (UNESCO)estimated that children withdisabilities represented more than athird of the 67 million children whowere out of school worldwide.●●Evidence from the World HealthSurvey for 51 countries showsemployment rates of 52.8% formen with disabilities and 19.6% forwomen with disabilities, comparedto 64.9% for men without disabilitiesand 29.9% for women withoutdisabilities.Sources: UN Millennium Development GoalsReport 2014, UN Development Programme(UNDP) Human Development Report 2014,UNESCO Education for All 2012, SurvivalInternational ‘Progress Can Kill’ campaign,UNDP report ‘Resilience-based DevelopmentResponse to the Syria Crisis’ (2014).GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT GOALS 2014
SPONSORED FEATURE© Phil Moore/Age InternationalRealisingpotential in anageing worldPeople of all ages must be part of ourresponse to post-2015 development realitiesBy Chris Roles, Director of Age InternationalOne of the great untold stories of development is that of radicaltransformation, overwhelming success and hidden champions, butone which does not feature in the UN Millennium DevelopmentGoals. This is the story of ageing: of greater numbers of older peopleworldwide, increasing longevity and the indispensible role older people playin society.The numbers speak for themselves. In 2013, there were 841 million olderpeople worldwide and this is due to increase to 2 billion by 2050. By thetime the post-2015 framework comes to a close in 2030, there will be morepeople over the age of 60 than children under 10 and almost three quartersof the world’s older people will live in what are now developing countries.And one of the fastest growing groups is people aged 80 and over.Even in sub-Saharan Africa where the ‘youth bulge’ dominatesimmediate concerns, the numbers of older people are growing rapidly.History teaches us that with development success comes increasedlongevity and decreased fertility. Ageing is a development reality.The story of older people and development is also the story of missedopportunities, marginalisation and discrimination. The role of older people asfarmers, business people and net contributors to household economies goesun-noticed by traditional development programmes. Older people are alsoroutinely denied basic health and care services. Discrimination, violence andabuse against older people on the basis of age are commonplace in all partsof the world.What we lose as a society by ignoring the reality of ageing and thepotential of older people is the opportunity to benefit from the experienceand knowledge of the very people who helped build our countries. We failto capitalise on the social and economic contributions they make to theirfamilies and communities every day. More importantly, we lose the dignityand respect that comes from truly valuing a person throughout their lifecourse that should underpin our society.So what makes it possible to realise the potential of older people? Thefirst obvious step is knowing more about them and being able to measureour efforts. This is why the post-2015 promise of a ‘data revolution’ withdisaggregated data by age is absolutely vital. At the moment, we stopcounting when people reach older age. Not knowing what happens in aperson’s life when they are 60, 70, 80 and above means not understandingthe support they provide to their grandchildren and the wider family. It alsomeans not really knowing where vulnerability, marginalisation and povertylie. How can we truly achieve anything post-2015 without this?We must also recognise older people as rights holders and clearlyarticulate what protecting their rights means. We have seen how humanrights conventions for women, children and people with disabilities havetransformed our understanding of society’s roles and responsibilities tothese groups. A convention on the rights of older people is long overdue andwould help clarify their rights, motivate an informed discussion among allstakeholders and stimulate development processes such as post-2015 totake older people into account.Building partnerships for delivering the post-2015 promises andcommitments must include looking for the potential within countries andempowering people of all ages and abilities. Surely this is the embodiment of‘leave no one behind’ and is the measure upon which all efforts shouldbe judged.Age International is a UK charity, part of the Age UK group, and the UK memberof the global HelpAge network. We support programmes in over 30 developingcountries to meet the needs of older people and to promote and protect theirrights. In the UK we work to raise awareness and influence opinion formers anddecision makers about the needs and rights of older people in developing countries.© Antonio Olmos/HelpAge International