8 MY OWN LIFE.attachment, but little suscept,ible <strong>of</strong> enmity, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> greatmoderation in all my passions. Even my love <strong>of</strong> literaryfame, my ruling passion, never soured my temper, notwithst<strong>and</strong>ingmy frequent disapp~int~ments. My company wasnot unacceptable to the young <strong>and</strong> careless, as well as to thestudious <strong>and</strong> literary ; <strong>and</strong> as I took a particular pleasure inthe company <strong>of</strong> modest women, I had no reason to be displeasedwith the reception I met with from them. In aword, though most men anywise eminent, have found reasonto complain <strong>of</strong> calun~ny, I never was touched, or even attackedby her baleful tooth : <strong>and</strong> though, I wantonly exposedmyself to the rage <strong>of</strong> both civil <strong>and</strong> religious factions, theyseemed to be disarmed in my behalf <strong>of</strong> their wonted fury.My friends never had occasion to vindicate any one circumstance<strong>of</strong> my character <strong>and</strong> conduct : not but that the zealots,we may well suppose, would have been glad to invent<strong>and</strong> propagate any story to my disadvantage, but they couldnever find any which they thought would wear the face <strong>of</strong>probability. I cannot say there is no vanity in making thisfuneral oration <strong>of</strong> myself, but I hope it is not a misplacedone; <strong>and</strong> this is a matter <strong>of</strong> fact which is easily cleared <strong>and</strong>ascertained.LETTER FROM ADAM SMI!CH,TOWILLIAM STRAHAN, ESQ.'LL,D,,Kirkaldy, Fifeshire, Nov. 0, 1776.DEAR SIB,-It is with a real, though e very melancholypleasure, that I sit down to give you some account <strong>of</strong> thebehaviour <strong>of</strong> our late excellent friend, Mr. Hume, during hislast illness.Though, in his own judgment, his disease was mortal <strong>and</strong>incurable, yet he allowed himself to be prevtiled upon, bythe entreaty <strong>of</strong> his friends, to try what might be the effects<strong>of</strong> a long journey. A few days before he set out, he wrotethat account <strong>of</strong> his own life, which, together with his otherpapers, he has left to your care. My account, therefore, shallbegin where his ends.He set out for Lrndon towards the end <strong>of</strong> April, <strong>and</strong> atMorpeth met with Mr. John Home <strong>and</strong> myself, who had bothcome down from London on purpose to see him, expectingto have found him at Edinburgh. Mr. Home returned withhim, <strong>and</strong> at'tended hiin during the whole <strong>of</strong> his stay in Engl<strong>and</strong>,wit11 that care <strong>and</strong> attention which might be expectedfrom a temper so perfectly friendly <strong>and</strong> affectionate. As Ihad written to my mother that she might expect me in Scotl<strong>and</strong>,I was under the necessity <strong>of</strong> continuing my journey:His disease seemed to yield to exercise <strong>and</strong> change <strong>of</strong> air,<strong>and</strong> when he arrived in London, he was apparently in muchbetter health than when he left Edinburgh. He was advised' [For the circumstances attending the publication <strong>of</strong> this letter, we p. 80.-ED.]
10 LETTER FROM DR. ADAM SMITH. 11to go to Bath to drinh the wat2rs, which appeared for sometime to have so good an effect upon him, that even he himselfbegan to entertain, what he was not apt to do, a betteropinion <strong>of</strong> his own health. His sgmptoins, however, soon returnedwith their usual violence, <strong>and</strong> from that moment hegave up all thoughts <strong>of</strong> recovery, but submitted with theutmost cheerfulness, <strong>and</strong> the most perfect complacency<strong>and</strong> resignation. Upon his return to Edinburgh, though hefound himself much weaker, yet his cheerfulness neverabated, <strong>and</strong> he coiitinued to divert himself, as usuad, withcorrecting his own works for a new edition, with readingbooks <strong>of</strong> amusement, with the conversation <strong>of</strong> his friends ;<strong>and</strong>, sometimes in the evening, with a party at his favouritegame <strong>of</strong> whist; His cheerfulness was so great, his conversation<strong>and</strong> amusements run so much in their usual strain,that, notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing all bad symptoms, many people couldnot believe he wa$ dying. ' I shall tell your friend, ColonelEdmondstone,' said Doctor Dundas to him one day, 'that Ileft you much better, <strong>and</strong> in a fair way <strong>of</strong> recovery.' ' Doctor,'said he, 'as I believe you would not chuse to tell anything but the truth, you had better tell him, that I amdying as fast as my enemies, if I have any, could wish, <strong>and</strong>as easily <strong>and</strong> cheerfully as my best friends could desire.'Colonel Edmondstone soon afterwards came to see him, <strong>and</strong>take leave <strong>of</strong> him ; <strong>and</strong> on his way home, he could not forbearwriting hiin a letter bidding him once more an eternaladieu, <strong>and</strong> applying to him, as to a dying man, the beautifulFrench verses in which the Abb6 Chaulieu, in expectation <strong>of</strong>his own death, laments his approaclling separation from hisfriend, the Marquis de la Fare. Mr. Hume's magnanimity*<strong>and</strong> firmness were such, that his most affectionate friendsknew, that they hazarded nothing in talking or writing tohim as to a dying man, <strong>and</strong> that so far from being hurt bythis frankness, he was rather pleased <strong>and</strong> flattered by it. Ihappened to come into his room while he was reading thisletter, which he had just received, <strong>and</strong> which he immediatelyshowed me. I told him, that though I was sensible howvery much he was weakened, <strong>and</strong> ,that a.ppearances were inmany respects very bad, yet his cheerfulness was still sogreat, the spirit <strong>of</strong> life seemed still to be so veq- strong inhim, that I could not help entertaining some faint hopes.He answered, 'Your hopes are groulldless. An habitualdiarrhoea <strong>of</strong> more than a year's st<strong>and</strong>ing, would be a verybad disease at any age : at my age it is a mortal one. WhenI lie down in the evening, I feel niyself wealrer than whenI rose in the morning; <strong>and</strong> when I rise in the morning,wealser than when I lay down in the evening. I am sensible,besides, tlrat some <strong>of</strong>' my vital parts are affected, so that Imust soon die.' ' Well,' said I, ' if it must be so, you haveat least the satisfaction <strong>of</strong> leaving all your friends, yourbrother's family in particular, in great prosperity.' He saidthat he felt that satisfaction so sensibly, that when he wasreading, a few days before, Lucian's Dialogues <strong>of</strong> the Dead,among all the excuses which are alleged to Charon for notentering readily into his boat, he could not find one thatfitted him ; he had no house to finish, he had no daughterto provide for, he had no enemies upon whom he wished torevenge himself. ' I could not well imagine,' said he, ' whatexcuse I could make to Chmon in order to obtain a little delay.I have done every thing <strong>of</strong> consequence which I ever meant todo ; <strong>and</strong> I could at no tinle expect to leave my relations <strong>and</strong>friends in a better situation than that in which I am nowlikely to leave tllein ; I, therefore, have all reasoil to die contented.'He then diverted hiinself with inventing severaljocular excuses, which he supposed he might make to Charon,<strong>and</strong> with imagining the very surly answers which it mightsuit the character <strong>of</strong> Charon to return to thern. ' Upon furtherconsideration,' said he, ' I thought I might say to him,Good Charon, I have been correcting my works for a newedition. Allow me a little time, that I may see how thePublic receives the alterations.' But Charon would answer,'When you have seen the effect <strong>of</strong> these, you will be formaking other alterations. There will be, no end <strong>of</strong> suchexcuses; so, honest friend, please step into the boat.' RutI might still urge, ' Have a little patience, good Charon ; Ihave been endeavouring to open the eyes <strong>of</strong> the Public. If Ilive a few years longer, I inay have the satisfaction <strong>of</strong> seeingthe downfall <strong>of</strong> some <strong>of</strong> the prevailing systems <strong>of</strong> superstition.'But Charon would then lose all temper <strong>and</strong> decency.' You loitering rogue, that will not happen these many hundredyears. Do you 6~ncy I will grant you a lease for solong a terln? Get into the boat this instant, you lazyloitering rogue.'But, though Mr. Hume;~lways talked <strong>of</strong> his approaching
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120 ESSAY VI. INDEPENDENCY OF PARIJ
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128 ESSAY VIII. OF PARTIES IN GENER
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132 ESSAY VIIT.countenanced by the
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136 ESSAY IX. TIlE RrI'IgS OF G1ti2
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140 ESSAY Ei.of tlhe court and coun
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144 ESSAY X.madking any compliances
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ESSAY X. OF SUI'EI~STITION AND ENTH
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ESSAY XI. DIGNITY OR MXANNESS OF HU
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150 ESSAY XII. OF CIVIL LIBERTY. 16
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160 ESSAY XII.trace commerce in its
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164 ESSL4Y XIII. OF ELOQUENCE.ing a
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168 ESSAY XTII. OF ELOQUENCE. 169ta
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172 ESSAY XIII. OF ELOQUENCE.It is
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I 7G ESSAY XIV. THE RISE OF ARTS AN
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180 ESSAY XIV. THE ItlSE OF AItTS A
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184 ESSAY XTV. THE RISE OF ARTS AND
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188 ESSAY XlV. THE RISE OF ARTS AND
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102 ESSAY XIV,wllich extends farthe
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196 ESSAY XIV.naturally compares hi
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200 ESSAY XV. THE EPICUREAN. 201gol
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204 ESSAY XVI..nature furnishes the
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208 ESSAY XVI. THE STOIC. 209lament
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212 I
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216 ESSAY XVIII. THE SCEPTIC. 21 7I
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220 ESSAY XVIII. TIIE SCEPTIC. 227i
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230 ESSAY XVIII.no perfect or regul
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234 ESSAY XIX. OF POLYGAMY AND I)IV
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ESSAY XIX'. OF POLYGAMY AND DNORCES
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243 ESSAY XX. OI" SIMP1,ICI'l'Y AND
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250 ESSAY U L OF NATIONAL CIIARACTE
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264 ESSAY XXI. OF NA'I'IONAI, CHARA
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258 ESSAY XXII.finer organs, on whi
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201 ESSAY XXII. OF TRAGEDY 263to sm
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ESSAY XXIII. OF THE STANDARD OF TAS
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270 ESSAY XXIII.geometrical truth a
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2 74 ESSAY XXTII. OF THE STANDARI)
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2 78 ESSAY XXLlI, OF THE STANDARD O
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289 ESSAY XXIII. OF TEIE STANDARD O
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ESSAYS.ESSAY I.-OfPART 11.Commerce.
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290 ESSAY I. OF COMMERCE. 291found
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294 ESSAY I. OF COMMERCE. 295sovere
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208 ESSAY I. OF COMMERCE. 299govern
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302 ESSAY 11. OF REFINEMENT IN TI3X
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806 ESSAY 11.it to the highest bidd
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31 0 ESSAY 111. OF MONEY. 311purpos
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314 ESSAY 111. OF MONEY. 315and thi
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31 8 ESSAY 111. OF MONEY. 310not in
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322 ESSAY IV. OF INTEREST. 323carpe
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326 ESSAY IV. OF INTEREST. 32 7of g
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330 ESSAY V. OF THE BALANCE OF TRAD
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334 ESSAY V, OF THE BALANCE OF TRAD
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338 ESSAY V.mediately draw from all
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342 ESSAY V. OF THE BALANCE OF TRAD
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346 ESSAY VI. OF THE JEALOUSY OF TR
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350 ESSAY VII. OF THE BALANCE OF PO
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354 ESSAY VIT. OF THE BALANCE OF PO
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358 ESSAY VIII. OF TAXES. 359The be
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366 ESSAY TX. OF PUBLIC CREDIT. 367
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378 ESSAY 5. OF SOME REMARKABLE CUS
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382 ESSA4Y XI. POPULOUSNESS OF ANCI
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386 ESSAY XI. POPULOUSXESS OF ANCIE
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304 ESSAY XI. POPULOUSNESS OF ANCIE
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402 ESSAY XI. POPULOUSNESS OF ANCIE
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423 ESSAY XI. POPULOUSNESS OF ANCTE
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430 ESSAY XI. POPTJLOUSNESS OF ANCI
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442 ESSAY XI. POPULOUSNESS OF ANCIE
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446 ESSAY XT1. OF THE ORTGTNAL CONT
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452 ESSAY XII. OF THE ORIGINAL CONT
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466 ESSAY XII. OF THE ORIGINAL COKT
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460 ESSAY XIII. OF PASSIVE OBEDTENC
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468 ESSAY XIV.charta : The barons t
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472 ESSAY XV. OF THE PROTESTANT SUC
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476 ESSAY XV. OF THE PROTESTANT SUC
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480 ESSAY XVI. IDEA OF A PERFECT CO
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488 ESSAY XVI.bodies; and then they
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