Annual report 2011 - VTB

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VTB BankNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – 31 December 2011 and 2010(in billions of Russian Roubles)5. Summary of Principal Accounting Policies (continued)Current and deferred tax (continued)Deferred income tax is provided using the balance sheet liability method for tax loss carry forwards and temporarydifferences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carrying amounts for financial reportingpurposes. In accordance with the initial recognition exemption, deferred taxes are not recorded for temporarydifferences on initial recognition of an asset or a liability in a transaction other than a business combination if thetransaction, when initially recorded, affects neither accounting nor taxable profit. Deferred tax liabilities are notrecorded for temporary differences on initial recognition of goodwill and subsequently for goodwill, which is notdeductible for tax purposes. Deferred income tax is provided on temporary differences arising on investments insubsidiaries, associates and joint ventures, except where the timing of the reversal of the temporary difference can becontrolled and it is probable that the temporary difference will not reverse in the foreseeable future.Deferred tax balances are measured at tax rates enacted or substantively enacted by the reporting date, which areexpected to apply to the period when the temporary differences will reverse or the tax loss carry forwards will beutilized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are netted only within the individual companies of the Group, when anentity has a legally enforceable right to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities; and the deferred taxassets and the deferred tax liabilities relate to income taxes levied by the same taxation authority on the same taxableentity.Deferred tax assets for deductible temporary differences and tax loss carry forwards are recorded only to the extentthat it is probable that future taxable profit will be available, against which the deductions can be utilized.Provisions for liabilities and chargesProvisions for liabilities and charges are non-financial liabilities of uncertain timing or amount. They are recordedwhen the Group has a present legal or constructive obligation as a result of past events, it is probable that an outflowof resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of theamount of the obligation can be made.Credit related commitmentsIn the normal course of business, the Group enters into irrevocable credit related commitments, including letters ofcredit and guarantees. Financial guarantees represent irrevocable assurances to make payments in the event that acustomer cannot meet its obligations to third parties, and carry the same credit risk as loans. Financial guaranteecontracts are recognized initially at fair value and remeasured at the higher of the amount determined in accordancewith IAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets and the amount initially recognized less, whenappropriate, cumulative amortization recognized in accordance with IAS 18 Revenue. Commitments to provide loansat a below-market interest rate are initially recognized at fair value, and subsequently measured at the higher of (i) theunamortized balance of the related fees received and deferred and (ii) the amount determined in accordance withIAS 37 Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets. Specific provisions are recorded against creditrelated commitments when losses are considered more likely than not.Share premiumShare premium represents the excess of contributions over the nominal value of the shares issued.DividendsDividends are recorded as a separate debit caption in equity in the period, in which they are declared. Dividendsdeclared after the reporting date and before the financial statements are authorized for issue are disclosed in thesubsequent events note. The statutory accounting reports of the Bank are the basis for profit distribution and otherappropriations. Russian legislation identifies the basis of distribution as the current year net profit.Income and expense recognitionInterest income and expense are recognized on an accrual basis calculated using the effective interest method. Loanorigination fees for loans issued to customers are deferred (together with related incremental direct costs) andrecognized as an adjustment to the effective yield of the loans. Commission fees and other incremental direct costs,related to the issuance of debt securities and other borrowed funds are recognized as an adjustment to the effectiveyield of the relevant liability. Fees, commissions and other income and expense items are generally recorded on anaccrual basis when the service has been provided. Fee and commission income are usually collected by debitingcustomers deposits upon provision of services. Portfolio and other management advisory and service fees arerecorded based on the applicable service contracts. Asset management fees related to investment funds arerecorded over the period the service is provided. The same principle is applied for wealth management, financialplanning and custody services that are continuously provided over an extended period of time.23
VTB BankNotes to the Consolidated Financial Statements – 31 December 2011 and 2010(in billions of Russian Roubles)5. Summary of Principal Accounting Policies (continued)Staff costs and related contributionsThe Group’s contributions to the State and Group’s social insurance, and obligatory medical insurance funds inrespect of its employees are expensed as incurred and included in staff costs within staff costs and administrativeexpenses. The Group’s contributions to the State and Group pension schemes are included in defined contributionpension expense within staff costs and administrative expenses. Non-used vacations accrued amounts are alsoincluded in staff costs within staff costs and administrative expenses.The Group recognizes all actuarial gains and losses related to defined benefit plan directly in other comprehensiveincome.Inflation accountingIf an economy in which a Group’s subsidiary operates is considered to be hyperinflationary as defined by IAS 29Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies than this subsidiary applies IAS 29. The standard requires thatthe financial statements prepared in the currency of a hyperinflationary economy be stated in terms of the measuringunit current at the reporting date.Foreign currency translationEach Group member determines its own functional currency and items included in the financial statements of eachentity are measured using that functional currency. Transactions in foreign currencies are initially recorded in thefunctional currency equivalent, translated at the rate of exchange ruling at the date of the transaction. Monetaryassets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies are retranslated at the functional currency rate of exchangeruling at the reporting date. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of foreign currency transactions arerecognized in the income statement as foreign exchange translation gains less losses. Non-monetary items that aremeasured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange rates as at the dates ofthe initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated using theexchange rates at the date when the fair value was determined.These financial statements are presented in Russian Roubles (RUR), the national currency of the RussianFederation, where the Bank is domiciled. As at the reporting date, the assets and liabilities of the entities, whosefunctional currency is different from the presentation currency of the Group and is not a currency of hyperinflationaryeconomy, are translated into RUR at the closing rate of exchange at the reporting date and, their income statementsare translated into RUR at the average exchange rates for the reporting period. The exchange differences arising onthe translation are recognized in other comprehensive income in a separate component of equity (“Currencytranslation difference”). If the entity’s functional is a currency of hyperinflationary economy, all amounts (assets,liabilities, equity items, income and expenses) of these entities are translated into RUR at the closing rate ofexchange at the reporting date; and, before applying this translation method, the entity restates its financialstatements in accordance with IAS 29 (see above “Inflation accounting”), except for comparative amounts that aretranslated into RUR. Differences which arise each period between the closing equity items of the previous year andthe opening equity items of the current year presented in RUR, are recognized as an “Effect of translation, net of tax”in other comprehensive income, as to the related equity items. The remaining exchange differences arising on theconsolidation are recognized in other comprehensive income in a separate component of equity (“Currencytranslation difference”).On disposal of a subsidiary or an associate or joint venture, whose functional currency is different from thepresentation currency of the Group, the deferred cumulative amount recognized in equity relating to that particularentity is reclassified to the income statement.As at 31 December 2011, the principal closing rate of exchange used for translating balances in USD to RussianRoubles was USD 1 to RUR 32.1961 (at 31 December 2010: USD 1 to RUR 30.4769), and the principal closing rateof exchange used for translating balances in Euro was EUR 1 to RUR 41.6714 (at 31 December 2010: EUR 1 toRUR 40.3331).Fiduciary assetsAssets held by the Group in its own name, but for the account of third parties, are not reported in the statement offinancial position. Commissions received from such operations are shown within fee and commission income in theincome statement.24
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Annual report 2011 - VTB

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