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843λ dB(fm)2100 1 2 3 4ω (GeV)Figure 2.1 The de Broglie wavelength λ dB of the knocked-out nucleon as a function of the energy ωtransferred in an A(p, pN) reaction.GeV range. Our approach is founded on the impulse approximation and we adopt the eikonalapproximation to incorporate the IFSI effects. The eikonal formalism is implemented relativisticallyin combination with optical potentials [9, 46], as well as with Glauber theory [62–64],which is a multiple-scattering extension of the EA. The two frameworks only differ in the waythey treat the IFSI.This chapter is organized as follows. In Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2, the factorized cross sectionis derived in the relativistic plane-wave impulse approximation (RPWIA) formalism. Anexpression for the differential A(p, pN) cross section when implementing IFSI effects is formulatedin Section 2.1.3. The different eikonal methods to deal with the IFSI are developed inthe following sections. In Section 2.2, the relativistic eikonal approximation is introduced andcomplex optical potentials are implemented to describe the IFSI distortions. Next, the Glaubermultiple-scattering extension of the eikonal method is developed in Section 2.3. A numericallyless intensive version of the Glauber framework is derived in Section 2.4, while Section 2.5 isdevoted to the derivation of a second-order correction to the relativistic optical model eikonalapproximation of Section 2.2.