SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL ANTAGONISTS AND ...

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The integrated use of b~ological control agents In conlunctlon wrth chemlcaltreatment can be used to Increase the level of disease control actlvity or extend theprotective act~vity durlng the course of plant development Although it is a goodalternative, this could sometimes lead to negative Impact on the non targetmicroorganisms and activ 11) of the b~olog~cel control agentsD~flerent combinations of h~o and chemical agents, like. G virens, Pongamiaglahru cakc. chemical fungicide-carhnrin and Rhcohrttm \\.ere used by Dubey (2003)for controllinp R solanr causing \rch hl~ght of urd (I'rgna mttngo) and mung bean(I' rodrura)Jessica er a1 (2004) reported that choline acetate and glycine betaineextracted from wheat when treated alone has ken repned to stimulate the growth ofI.' gumrneurunt causing Fuw~um head hl~ght of \\heat. \shereas the equlmolarmlxturc of tuo compnunds sho\\ed sl~ght reduction in gronth rate at higherconcentration &$hen compared to control Rlanca er o! (2004) hrought out the effect of~ntegratcd approach In the control of Fusar~um wilt dlseasc In chickpea caused b> Ftmspwum lntegratcd approach cnns~stcd of chiice of sowing date. use of pan~allyresistant chickpea genotype and seed and soil treatment with hlocontrol agents (Bmemcrrrrm RCiAI: 5 1. H srthsrr1r.c (;U03, non-pthogen~c F a\l:cpnntm Fo 90105and P ,fluorrscenr RG 26) 'Ik\ dcmonstmted thc Imponancr. of tntcgrated controlpractices along u.ith othcr hio contml mtmurcs to manage the Fuwrium tr.111 andincrwc the \ ~eld of chickp P ,/ltrcuesrcn~ UZ and H srrhtrlts MR 1600 weretrca~d e~thcr singly or In combination agatnsi f?,rhtum drtntum H ~ I C fauses ~damping-ofT on sugar beet xadllngs Combined treatment H ~ S found to he moreelf~t~ve than s~ngk treatment B swbrilis MB 1600 alone d~splayed no sign~ficantrntagonutlc etfect rgr~nst Avhtam ~Itamum wtm c~nparrd to P /luorurcn~ BS. but
d~dn't lnlluencr the perionnance of P ,/lrrorescens B5 in the comhlned lnocula(Schmidt el a/. 2004)Kevtc~ of Itterature reveals that several research studies ha\e ken conductedto stud\ the nnrrpisttc ellixts of dttTerent antagonists. antagonists and chemicallunglcldes. anlagonlst and phytoproducts on the control of pathogens Ilot\e\,er. therescvrns to hL' nn repon on the s)ncrglstlc lnh~h~ton cfTccects ofactl\c prlnople Isolatedfrom plant and chemical iunglcldes and products of pht?oextracts. and antagontstsand ph) tncvtrartsllrws the prcent stud! \\as undertaken to find out the synerplstlc effects ofsclrrtrd rnrrohial antapontsts and ph)tncrtract In companson br.tth the lndtvidualelrcrls of antagonistic m~croln-s and ph\ t~xxtract on X solcmr Infecttrig (; mmY@LFCTI\'ES <strong>OF</strong> THE PRESENT S'1'1'DI':81 1'0 screen the Isba of live spclcs which uvre reponed arllrr (Kuruche\e era1 . I W7) to have ~nhthlton oct~\ th and themtahlc pmprm grontng in andaround Ihe Pdrhern I Inn erstt? campus81 1.0 find out the k tplant leaf extract sho~l~gmaxtmum lnhlhttlon on rad~alm\ccltal gro~lh or H .soktnr tnl'.c.ting (i may -1.0 find out the hr~t cnmhinationof mtc-mh~ol anlnponlst a d ph\tt~\tml (m \,rro and rn vn.c)l shotrtnprnaslmum stncrgcstlc ~nhthlton clliil on N sf~kvtl At the sanh! Ilme 11 u.ascnsurrd that hnth the biological agents arc ncllhcr 11ntc 10 each other nor ha\ea stimulatun cllix-l@I To n*Ihc hast-palhogcn ~ntaxtlon by analyzrnp the bmhemtcal changestn the host piant undrr health?. tnfatd and treated CO~~~KXISEl To ~robtc and chmcicnn the #-tt\c pnnclplc pnsent m the ph?tcxsuacl
Page 1 and 2: SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF MICROBIAL AN
Page 3 and 4: MS. ASHA. A. N.DEPT. OF BIOCHEMISTR
Page 5 and 6: 1 am e~retm-4 gratefill to my super
Page 7: APSUSACBBEDTAHEPES0-MEI ~ MI'C APMS
Page 10 and 11: - --the dietary requirement of man,
Page 12 and 13: nitrogen through the symb~ot~c bact
Page 14 and 15: - - -aspartlc acid 5 7%. glutamrc a
Page 16 and 17: important ones. In maklng tofu, drl
Page 18 and 19: with some supplies coming from Indi
Page 20 and 21: emain for several years in soil and
Page 22 and 23: have been identified as species of
Page 24 and 25: --funglc~des. vlz , thirem, pentach
Page 26 and 27: din~troanlline and tnfluralin on R.
Page 28 and 29: appropriate charactertsatlon of the
Page 30 and 31: B~nder. 1973). Trrchaderma and C;li
Page 32 and 33: oth the test lung1 was affected and
Page 37 and 38: MATERIALS AND METHOD5In the present
Page 40 and 41: Unrversrty. Coimbatore and Departme
Page 42 and 43: To 50 ml stertllzed czapek's l~quid
Page 44 and 45: ntxture. The enzyme actlvlty was ex
Page 46 and 47: VIscosIb mrawracnl: Ostwald vimmete
Page 48 and 49: 100 g of talc powder was taken In e
Page 50 and 51: 2 Infectton experlrnent G', mm plan
Page 52 and 53: amount of electrolyte released from
Page 54 and 55: Z2.2. REDUCING SUGARS: Amount of re
Page 56 and 57: 4 Solution H 20 p of n~nhydrrn was
Page 58 and 59: Reagents:I Ilye IlM) rng ol'C'tmrna
Page 60 and 61: pestle The hornogenate was filtered
Page 62 and 63: sample was added to a test tube wtt
Page 64 and 65: mlnlne water was trmoved with the e
Page 66 and 67: atmosphere w~thin the tank became s
Page 69 and 70: IN VITRO STUDIES:Rrrdlrrl ~cefiol g
Page 71: Photograph I. ('ulture plates showi
Page 74 and 75: I>cvc.lopmmr of antibiotic reslttan
Page 76 and 77: T~blc 3 Elfcct of srngle and dual t
Page 78 and 79: Flgw: 2. E&ts ol'smgk and dual trea
Page 80 and 81: C
Page 82 and 83: Table S Effect of single and dual t
Page 84 and 85:
IN VIVO STUDIES:Ulsense intensi(11:
Page 86 and 87:
Table 7 Effcci of slnglc and dual t
Page 88 and 89:
No'fable 8 Effect of slnple and dua
Page 90 and 91:
Table 10 Effect of s~ngle and dual
Page 92 and 93:
I'ablc I I hH'ect of single and dua
Page 94 and 95:
1 vblt 12 l:llec~ ol aingic and dua
Page 96 and 97:
l'rhle I3 Efict ol's~ngle and dual
Page 98 and 99:
Table 14 I3lecl of single and dual
Page 100 and 101:
value (1-10.28 and 11-9.58 mg/g d.w
Page 102 and 103:
PHENOL: The phenol content In the l
Page 104 and 105:
'Table 18 Eflect of s~ngle and dual
Page 106 and 107:
followed hy CGNS (1-0 082 and 11-0
Page 108 and 109:
Table 21. Effkt ofr~ngle and dual t
Page 110 and 111:
Plate 1. SDS-PAGE analysis of singl
Page 113:
Figure 6. 'H-NIR SPECTRI:hl OF ACI'
Page 116 and 117:
0 urn-* nu - Y I2& a 7 ,*a -i:5:6 C
Page 118 and 119:
DISCUSSIONThe present studv brlngs
Page 120 and 121:
(2001) confirmed that the ant~bioti
Page 122 and 123:
evealed that m vrrro rnyceltal grow
Page 124 and 125:
-dual treatment is due to the fact
Page 126 and 127:
wall of R, solani. Riathilagam (199
Page 128 and 129:
Dlsense Intensiy Studles: Significa
Page 130 and 131:
spp. created a competition for nutr
Page 132 and 133:
- - - - -- - -Mukhopadhyay (2003) b
Page 134 and 135:
the yield can be attributed to the
Page 136 and 137:
two Pseudomonos stralns reduced ele
Page 138 and 139:
photosynthetic pigments In the leav
Page 140 and 141:
treatments, Pt23 + C. gigantea exhi
Page 142 and 143:
- --ammonia Finally they are conver
Page 144 and 145:
- -Highest amount of protein obtain
Page 146 and 147:
the pathogen towards the other heal
Page 148 and 149:
treated wlth the mvcel~al extract o
Page 150 and 151:
cellular contents also (Leopold and
Page 152 and 153:
substance obtained from the leafext
Page 154:
out the fact that these fung~ are a
Page 158 and 159:
ought by the microbial antagonist w
Page 160 and 161:
SUMMARYThe present study bnngs out
Page 162 and 163:
+ All the single and dual heamrents
Page 164 and 165:
enhanced physiological activities a
Page 166 and 167:
Ahad I.R. Uurzo MI'. I.IU I). Naras
Page 168 and 169:
Barea JM. Bianciotto V. Dowling I).
Page 170 and 171:
Boysen M. Borja M del Moral C. Sala
Page 172 and 173:
Christopher ET, Andrew CG. Robert F
Page 174 and 175:
Denis C. Wehster J (1971 a) Antagon
Page 176 and 177:
-DultT BJ, JW Meller. Bakker PAHM,
Page 178 and 179:
Haware MI'. Mukherlee PK. Lenne JM,
Page 180 and 181:
-Janlslewlcz WJ (1988) Blocontrol o
Page 182 and 183:
Koul OP, Muthoo AK (1999) Effect of
Page 184 and 185:
Lorito M. Di Pietro A. Hayes UK, Wo
Page 186 and 187:
McCready RM, Guggale J. Silviera V,
Page 188 and 189:
- --- --Ogla L, Ozerestksonkaya OL
Page 190 and 191:
Pugazhenthi S (2001) Effect of aque
Page 192 and 193:
- --'Rueslnk, AW. Thlmann KV (1965)
Page 194 and 195:
-- -- - -Shama RR. Gout HN, Bora KK
Page 196 and 197:
Tewari AK, Mukhopadhyay AN (2001) M
Page 198 and 199:
Wang G. Mlchallldes rJ, Bostock RM
Page 201:
LIST OF PUBLICATIONSI. Asha AN, Kan
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