MS Thesis R. Hager - Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy ...

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Figure 1. 1 Comparison of Life Cycle Emissions of SO x(Thorpe, 1999)Figure 1.2 Comparison of Life Cycle Emissions of CO 2(Thorpe, 1999)Figure 1.3 Comparison of Life Cycle Emissions of NO x(Thorpe, 1999)1.3 Challenges for Wave <strong>Energy</strong>Challenges presented with wave energy conversion include:CostDurabilityFrequency issuesVariability1.3.1 CostIn 1992 and 1999 Thorpe performed a cost report on wave energy for the UK’s Department ofTrade and Industry. Thorpe analyzed the cost of electricity generated and the internal rate of return12
for various projects. Included in the cost of electricity generation are the capital cost, operation andmaintenance (O&M) cost, the annual running cost, and the average annual power output. Thecapital cost, installation cost, and O&M cost are presented in Figures 1.4 to 1.6. A cost comparisonfrom Thorpe’s data is presented in Table 1.1.Figure 1. 2 Capital Cost Breakdown/Unit (Thorpe, 1999)Figure 1. 5 O&M Cost/Unit (Thorpe, 1999)Figure 1.6 Capital Cost for Installation Breakdown/ Unit (Thorpe, 1999)Table 1.1 Wave <strong>Energy</strong> Conversion Device Costs (Thorpe, 1999) (Discount rate of 8%)Device Capital Cost O&M Cost AdditionalAnnual CostLimpet 850,000-1,160,000poundsOsprey 36.8 millionDuck(1998)pounds2.4 billionpounds /334ducks13AverageAnnual PowerOutputElectricity Cost23,000 pounds 206 kWh 6.5pounds/kWh388 thousandpounds74 millionpounds/yr.365,000pounds2 GW/334ducks5.0pounds/kWh5.3pounds/kWhPS Frog 1.1 million 44,000 pounds 21,000 pounds 2.0
Page 1 and 2: Geometric Effects on Maximum Power
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACTNumerical simulations are c
Page 5 and 6: 3.7 Absorbed Wave Power ...........
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1.1
Page 9 and 10: NOMENCLATUREA=incident wave amplitu
Page 11: 1.2 Advantages of Wave EnergyAdvant
Page 15 and 16: pollution would occur from hydrauli
Page 17 and 18: Figure 1. 7 Average Annual Wave Pow
Page 19 and 20: Backer (2009) numerically and exper
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 2. WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION D
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 OrientationOrientation is defin
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2.4 Oscillating Water Column
Page 27 and 28: 2.5 Reference PointMeans of reactio
Page 29 and 30: Linear GeneratorTurbineRotary Gener
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. 1 WEC ClassificationsDevic
Page 33 and 34: 33P.T.O.MooringReferencePointOperat
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3. THEORY AND GOVERNING EQU
Page 37 and 38: F(x,z,t) z 0DFDtFt u F 0 0 (4
Page 39 and 40: in ni(13)on S for i=1, 3in( r n)i3
Page 41 and 42: I iAg e ekz i( kx t)(30)cosh( k(z
Page 44 and 45: where ijkis the permutation symbol.
Page 46 and 47: Mw k ieitS( D I) ijkrinjdS(46)3.3.3
Page 48 and 49: Due to Kirchhoff decomposition, rec
Page 50 and 51: TE KE PE 20L Asin(kx) 1 2(61)dV d
Page 52 and 53: P I Iw dS (70)tnSIf the column
Page 54 and 55: 221 2P gA C(77)max g2 3.8 Maximum
Page 56 and 57: 4.2 AQWA Modeling ProcedureThe user
Page 58 and 59: : Local data has changed, and the c
Page 60 and 61: Figure 4. 5 Drawing in Design Modul
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12. Delete all lines inside the cur
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22. Edit the details of the slice u
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Figure 4. 15 Details of the Part7.
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Figure 4. 17 Details of the Mesh4.2
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Figure 4. 21 Detials of the Wave Di
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5. Highlight Diffraction + Froude-K
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Table 4.1 Body Dimensions for Numer
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concavity from concave down to conc
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Figure 4. 29 Maximum Power Absorpti
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Table 4. 3 Numerical ResultsBodyNo.
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BodyNo.Bodyλ atT=2.1λ atT=1.0λ a
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WAVEFigure 5. 1 Body Faces Wave Mak
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The body connects to the aluminum p
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also allowed for flexibility in cre
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AB1 23 4 5 6 7CD8 9 10 11EFigure 5.
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and minimum voltage range of the DA
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Figure 5. 11 Deleting a Step from L
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Figure 5. 14 Recording Options, Sig
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Figure 5. 17 Right-mouse Click on t
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Zero-OffsetThe Zero-Offset step rem
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Figure 5. 24 Filter Step Set-up, Co
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5.6 Data ProcessingFigure 5. 26 Wav
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5.8 Experimental DiscussionAs menti
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5.8.3 Suggestions for Future Resear
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110ikxxRekddzkgkn )cosh())(cosh(,
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Proof M ij and B ij are Symmetric T
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BIBILIOGRAPHYANSYS. (n.d.). ANSYS A
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Trust, C. (2011). Capital, Operatin
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