MS Thesis R. Hager - Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy ...

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narrow creating a limited number of optimal conditions. Phase control methods, such aslatching, may be used to mediate these problems.1.3.4 VariabilityThe wave power is variable on multiple time scales: wave to wave, hour to hour, month tomonth, etc. (Falcão, 2010). However, power supply needs to be smooth and constant, thus,requiring a storage device or an array of bodies (Drew, 2009). The average power level mayalso be overestimated with seasonal variability and extreme conditions making it difficult todesign for a particular wave climate. Wave direction is also variable, thus the WEC deviceseither need to align in a position to most often capture the wave’s power or need to besymmetrical (Drew, 2009).1.4 Potential Location for Wave <strong>Energy</strong>Drew (2009) considers locations with average power levels of 30 – 70kW/m suitable forwave energy harvesting; typically these occur at latitudes of 40 ◦ – 60 ○ seen in Figure 1.7.Suitable locations include Western Europe, the Pacific Northwest of America, SouthAmerica, South Africa, and Australia with a higher resource in the southern hemisphere(Cruz, 2008). Tropical waters typically rate poorly with average power levels of 15 –20kW/m. Factors to consider in conjunction with wave power levels are population densityand seasonal variation. Although the southern hemisphere has the best wave resources, thereis a higher energy demand in the northern hemisphere.16
Figure 1. 7 Average Annual Wave Power (kW/m) (Cruz, 2008)High seasonal variation creates design and reliability issues. According to Falnes (2007)winter waves can contain up to 5 – 10 times the average energy of summer waves. Theseasonal variation can be seen in Figures 1.8 and 1.9. The southern hemisphere also has asmaller seasonal variation, making locations such as South America, Africa, and Australiamore desirable for wave energy extraction.January Mean Wave Power (kW/m)Figure 1. 8 January Mean Wave Power (kW/m) (Cruz, 2008)17
Page 1 and 2: Geometric Effects on Maximum Power
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACTNumerical simulations are c
Page 5 and 6: 3.7 Absorbed Wave Power ...........
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1.1
Page 9 and 10: NOMENCLATUREA=incident wave amplitu
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Advantages of Wave EnergyAdvant
Page 13 and 14: for various projects. Included in t
Page 15: pollution would occur from hydrauli
Page 19 and 20: Backer (2009) numerically and exper
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 2. WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION D
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 OrientationOrientation is defin
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2.4 Oscillating Water Column
Page 27 and 28: 2.5 Reference PointMeans of reactio
Page 29 and 30: Linear GeneratorTurbineRotary Gener
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. 1 WEC ClassificationsDevic
Page 33 and 34: 33P.T.O.MooringReferencePointOperat
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3. THEORY AND GOVERNING EQU
Page 37 and 38: F(x,z,t) z 0DFDtFt u F 0 0 (4
Page 39 and 40: in ni(13)on S for i=1, 3in( r n)i3
Page 41 and 42: I iAg e ekz i( kx t)(30)cosh( k(z
Page 44 and 45: where ijkis the permutation symbol.
Page 46 and 47: Mw k ieitS( D I) ijkrinjdS(46)3.3.3
Page 48 and 49: Due to Kirchhoff decomposition, rec
Page 50 and 51: TE KE PE 20L Asin(kx) 1 2(61)dV d
Page 52 and 53: P I Iw dS (70)tnSIf the column
Page 54 and 55: 221 2P gA C(77)max g2 3.8 Maximum
Page 56 and 57: 4.2 AQWA Modeling ProcedureThe user
Page 58 and 59: : Local data has changed, and the c
Page 60 and 61: Figure 4. 5 Drawing in Design Modul
Page 62 and 63: 12. Delete all lines inside the cur
Page 64 and 65: 22. Edit the details of the slice u
Page 66 and 67:
Figure 4. 15 Details of the Part7.
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Figure 4. 17 Details of the Mesh4.2
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Figure 4. 21 Detials of the Wave Di
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5. Highlight Diffraction + Froude-K
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Table 4.1 Body Dimensions for Numer
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concavity from concave down to conc
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Figure 4. 29 Maximum Power Absorpti
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Table 4. 3 Numerical ResultsBodyNo.
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BodyNo.Bodyλ atT=2.1λ atT=1.0λ a
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WAVEFigure 5. 1 Body Faces Wave Mak
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The body connects to the aluminum p
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also allowed for flexibility in cre
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AB1 23 4 5 6 7CD8 9 10 11EFigure 5.
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and minimum voltage range of the DA
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Figure 5. 11 Deleting a Step from L
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Figure 5. 14 Recording Options, Sig
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 5. 17 Right-mouse Click on t
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Zero-OffsetThe Zero-Offset step rem
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Figure 5. 24 Filter Step Set-up, Co
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5.6 Data ProcessingFigure 5. 26 Wav
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5.8 Experimental DiscussionAs menti
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5.8.3 Suggestions for Future Resear
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110ikxxRekddzkgkn )cosh())(cosh(,
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Proof M ij and B ij are Symmetric T
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BIBILIOGRAPHYANSYS. (n.d.). ANSYS A
Page 116:
Trust, C. (2011). Capital, Operatin
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MS Thesis R. Hager - Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy ...

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