MS Thesis R. Hager - Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy ...

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July Mean Wave Power (kW/m)Figure 1.9 July Mean Wave Power (kW/m) (Cruz, 2008)1.5 Literature ReviewThe beginning pioneers of wave energy include Masuda, Salter, Budal, Mei, Newman, Falnes,and Evans (Falcão, 2010). Beginning in the 1970’s theoretical work was studied for single,point absorbers with one degree of freedom in regular, linear waves with a linear generator.The theory is similar to that of ship hydrodynamics, which had been well established.Eventually, theoretical work was done with regards to oscillating water columns, pointabsorbers with multiple degrees of freedom, and arrays of buoys. Jefferys later addressed theissue of nonlinear power take-off systems (Falcão, 2010).Experimental work was pioneered by Masuda in the 1940’s, and Salter’s Wave Power Groupin the 1970’s at the University of Edinburgh. In the 1980’s Budal and Falnes also beganexperimental work on control mechanisms for point absorbers in irregular waves, so as tooperate in the most efficient frequency. Areas in need of further research include: phasecontrol, environmental impacts, maintenance, and power take-off systems (Falcão, 2010).18
Backer (2009) numerically and experimentally studied the damping force, tuning force,excitation force, and absorbed power for heaving point absorbers under regular and irregularwave conditions. A cone-cylinder and hemisphere-cylinder were studied with varying draftsand waterline cross-sectional area. Additionally, Backer (2009) studied the effects ofslamming, stroke, and force restrictions on power absorption efficiency, excitation forces,damping forces, and tuning forces.1.6 Objective of the Present StudyThis project is inspired by Salter’s 1974 paper and Backer’s 2009 Ph.D. thesis. The purposeof this thesis is to study the effects of geometry on maximum power absorption efficiencyfor a single, two-dimensional, surface-piercing, heaving body impinged by a linear, regular,harmonic wave. In particular, the geometry of asymmetric bodies is explored. The goal is tostudy the effects of a body’s geometry on maximum power absorption efficiency for asample group. The uniqueness of this work is the method used to calculate the maximumpower absorption efficiency by calculating the radiated wave amplitude at positive andnegative infinity.The diffraction problem for various two-dimensional bodies is studied numerically. Anexperiment to study the diffraction problem is also proposed. AQWA version 14.0 is thesoftware used to evaluate a wider range of bodies. The numerical model has been verified bycomparing results with the experimental results of Nojiri and Muryama (1975) and thenumerical results of Koo and Kim (2005) for a fixed barge model. The excitation force isfound numerically, which is used to calculate the radiated wave amplitudes at positive and19
Page 1 and 2: Geometric Effects on Maximum Power
Page 3 and 4: ABSTRACTNumerical simulations are c
Page 5 and 6: 3.7 Absorbed Wave Power ...........
Page 7 and 8: LIST OF FIGURESFigurePageFigure 1.1
Page 9 and 10: NOMENCLATUREA=incident wave amplitu
Page 11 and 12: 1.2 Advantages of Wave EnergyAdvant
Page 13 and 14: for various projects. Included in t
Page 15 and 16: pollution would occur from hydrauli
Page 17: Figure 1. 7 Average Annual Wave Pow
Page 21 and 22: CHAPTER 2. WAVE ENERGY CONVERSION D
Page 23 and 24: 2.3 OrientationOrientation is defin
Page 25 and 26: Figure 2.4 Oscillating Water Column
Page 27 and 28: 2.5 Reference PointMeans of reactio
Page 29 and 30: Linear GeneratorTurbineRotary Gener
Page 31 and 32: Table 2. 1 WEC ClassificationsDevic
Page 33 and 34: 33P.T.O.MooringReferencePointOperat
Page 35 and 36: CHAPTER 3. THEORY AND GOVERNING EQU
Page 37 and 38: F(x,z,t) z 0DFDtFt u F 0 0 (4
Page 39 and 40: in ni(13)on S for i=1, 3in( r n)i3
Page 41 and 42: I iAg e ekz i( kx t)(30)cosh( k(z
Page 44 and 45: where ijkis the permutation symbol.
Page 46 and 47: Mw k ieitS( D I) ijkrinjdS(46)3.3.3
Page 48 and 49: Due to Kirchhoff decomposition, rec
Page 50 and 51: TE KE PE 20L Asin(kx) 1 2(61)dV d
Page 52 and 53: P I Iw dS (70)tnSIf the column
Page 54 and 55: 221 2P gA C(77)max g2 3.8 Maximum
Page 56 and 57: 4.2 AQWA Modeling ProcedureThe user
Page 58 and 59: : Local data has changed, and the c
Page 60 and 61: Figure 4. 5 Drawing in Design Modul
Page 62 and 63: 12. Delete all lines inside the cur
Page 64 and 65: 22. Edit the details of the slice u
Page 66 and 67: Figure 4. 15 Details of the Part7.
Page 68 and 69:
Figure 4. 17 Details of the Mesh4.2
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Figure 4. 21 Detials of the Wave Di
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5. Highlight Diffraction + Froude-K
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Table 4.1 Body Dimensions for Numer
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concavity from concave down to conc
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Figure 4. 29 Maximum Power Absorpti
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Table 4. 3 Numerical ResultsBodyNo.
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BodyNo.Bodyλ atT=2.1λ atT=1.0λ a
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WAVEFigure 5. 1 Body Faces Wave Mak
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The body connects to the aluminum p
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also allowed for flexibility in cre
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AB1 23 4 5 6 7CD8 9 10 11EFigure 5.
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and minimum voltage range of the DA
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Figure 5. 11 Deleting a Step from L
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Figure 5. 14 Recording Options, Sig
Page 98 and 99:
Figure 5. 17 Right-mouse Click on t
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Zero-OffsetThe Zero-Offset step rem
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Figure 5. 24 Filter Step Set-up, Co
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5.6 Data ProcessingFigure 5. 26 Wav
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5.8 Experimental DiscussionAs menti
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5.8.3 Suggestions for Future Resear
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110ikxxRekddzkgkn )cosh())(cosh(,
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Proof M ij and B ij are Symmetric T
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BIBILIOGRAPHYANSYS. (n.d.). ANSYS A
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Trust, C. (2011). Capital, Operatin
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